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History > Infustrial Medicine > Flashcards

Infustrial Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

Population growth in industrial era

A

1801- 16.3 million
1901- 41.6 million

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2
Q

Pollution

A

Coal everywhere

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3
Q

Anti contagists

A

Disease was from the environment
Clean to remove disease
Examples
Florence Nightingale
William Farr
James Simpson

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4
Q

Contagionists

A

Diseases were caught from ill people
Examples
John Simpson
Thomas Wells
( one of the first people in Britain to suggest illnesses came from a non chemical cause of contact)
Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

Development of belief behind cause of disease

A

17th century- misma
18th century- spontaneous generation
1861- germ theory
1865- lister and anti septics
1891- specificity
1928- penicillin

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6
Q

Koch

A

German

Stained bacteria and put it under microscope

Found bacteria that causes TB in 1882.
1883-4 ones that cause cholera
Found causes of phnuemonia, Plauge, tetanus

Found agar plates

Won a Nobel prize in 1905

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7
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Father of microbiology
Germ theory
Vaccines ( rabies and chicken cholera )
Built on Jenners work.
He invented pasteurisation
Established link between Germs and disease
He descovered if you cut off air from wine then it won’t go off

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8
Q

Paul Erlich

A

Student of Koch
Won a Nobel prize in 1908

Descovered salavasan 606 ( developed in 1910 ) a treatment for a big STD at the time ( syphilis )

Used Koch’s methods with staining to find blood cells.

Worked on immunity

Worked on majic bullets ( chemo )

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9
Q

Lister

A

Deaths in surgery went from 30%->15%

Carbolic acid and anti septic surgery

Tested on 13 year old Jamie Greenlees

Many did not accept theories. Lister still didn’t know why. Painful to use.

We use it now

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10
Q

Hospitals

A

They were big
In London there was 4,000 beds
Some made after 1867 poor law, with local tax money

Uses anti and aneseptics

Run by doctors

Government tan

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11
Q

Manchester slums

A

Cholera
River for all water
Chaos
SMOG
Factories
Overcrowding
Immagration for work
Urbanisation
People took turns with beds in houses

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12
Q

Cholera 1831

A

Killed 50,000 people
Misma theroy from dead animals everywhere

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13
Q

Cholera 1837-38

A

In 1839 government asked Chadwick to find out what was wrong

Chadwick report -
found conditions were poor,
10,000 copies made and it was given to writers and anyone who has influence

He said miasma caused poor health and streets must be clean and sort out housing.
Gov pressured.
They still went with lazzes faire

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14
Q

Public health act 1848

A

Cholera in 40s changed gov mind
Councils are allowed to clean their streets ( not mandatory )
By 1853 103 towns had a board of public health

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15
Q

Cholera 1848

A

Killed 60,000 people
1854 20,000 died
1854 JOHN SNOW

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16
Q

John Snow

A

He found you were 933% more likely to get cholera from the Broad street pump.

17
Q

Bazalgette

A

Given £3 million to make new sewers

18
Q

Simpson

A

He tried out a load of crystal combinations until him and his mates tried chloroform and passed out.

19
Q

Chloroform

A

1847 first used in surgery
Queen Victoria used it in 1858
John Snow made an inhaler
14yr old Hanna Greena died of a chloroform overdose
You had to get it just right.

20
Q

Other anaesthetics ( than Chloroform)

A

Nitrous Oxide
Ether
Chloroform
Cocaine

21
Q

Blood transfusions

A

1901 Karl Landsteiner discovered different blood groups for blood transfusions

22
Q

Sophia Jax Blake

A

Wanted to be a maths tutor but dad said she wouldn’t get pay.
Was rejected by Endimburuh but still got a degree.
Opened Surgery in Edinburgh in 1878
People threw things at Edinburgh seven ( her class )
Opened another hospital for women

23
Q

Elizebeth Garret Anderson

A

Became a doc in 1865

Surgical nurse then trains to be doc in Paris

Sets up her own practice, becomes new hospital for women and children

1873 joins British Medical association

Helped set up London School of medicine for women 1874

History (5 decks)

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