Modern Medicine

Question 1

What new diagnosis methods were found?

Answer 1

X-rays, blood tests, CTI and MRI scans

Question 2

How did understanding of how lifestyle choices affect health improve?

Answer 2

Smoking - linked to lung cancer, high blood pressure, heart disease, tooth decay etc.
Diet - sugar, fat, type 2 diabetes

Question 3

How did understanding of DNA and genetics change?

Answer 3

Structure of DNA discovered by Crick, Watson, Franklin in 1953
Using Human Genome Project scientists could look for mistakes or mismatches in DNA of people with hereditary diseases. Doctors can also identify specific genetic disorders e.g. Down’s Syndrome

Question 4

What was the Human Genome Project and when did it start and end?

Answer 4

1990 - 2001
A project to map each gene in the human body

Question 5

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 5

Alexander Fleming

Question 6

By who was penicillin made pure?

Answer 6

Florey and Chain in 1938

Question 7

What was the impact of penicillin?

Answer 7

Mass produced and used in WW2
For the first time, doctors could now treat diseases caused by bacteria
Resulted in streptomycin discovered in 1943 which cured TB
Miracle cure for diseases but cause superbugs like MRNA

Question 8

What was the life expectancy?

Answer 8

87

Question 9

What factors helped progress?

Answer 9

Tech improved e.g. CT scans, robotic surgery
Government started massively improving public health e.g. NHS

Question 10

How are diseases now diagnosed?

Answer 10

Blood tests
Biopsys
Ultrasound scans
X-rays
MRI scans
CT scans

Question 11

What did Paul Ehrlich do?

Answer 11

Made the first magic bullet (Salvarsan 606) that targeted and killed specific bacteria

Question 12

How were diseases treated?

Answer 12

Medicines such aspirin now mass produced
Invention of pills that dissolved in stomach
Surgery (keyhole surgery, microsurgery)
Blood transfusions
Machines
Prosthetic limbs

Question 13

What was the impact of the NHS?

Answer 13

Helped prevent or catch diseases like cancer early
Encouraged healthy living
Free health checks over 40

Question 14

How were diseases prevented?

Answer 14

Vaccines (e.g. tetanus in 1961 and measles in 1968)
Genetic diseases screened
Lifestyle campaigns to eat healthier and exercise more
Government acts (e.g. banning smoking and limiting car pollution)

Question 15

When were the Clean Air Acts?

Answer 15

1956 and 1968

Question 16

What did the Clean Air Acts do?

Answer 16

Law aimed to reduce pollution from burning coal

Question 17

What were hospitals like?

Answer 17

Nurses develop specialist skills
Free healthcare to everyone

Question 18

When was the National Insurance Act?

Answer 18

1911

Question 19

What was the National Insurance Act?

Answer 19

Provided help for workers who fell ill but still didn’t help the elderly, unemployed etc.