Industrial Medicine

Question 1

What ideas of causes of disease were rejected by 1700?

Answer 1

Four humours, supernatural, god

Question 2

What idea of causes of disease still continued?

Answer 2

Miasma

Question 3

What did James Simpson do?

Answer 3

Discovered chloroform

Question 4

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 4

Came up with the germ theory

Question 5

What were the limitations to the germ theory (before Koch)?

Answer 5

Couldn’t prove it
Many people disagreed

Question 6

What did Joseph Lister do?

Answer 6

Discovered carbolic acid as an antiseptic

Question 7

What were the limits to carbolic acid?

Answer 7

Burnt the skin of surgeons
Opposition from people who didn’t believe in the germ theory

Question 8

What did Robert Koch do?

Answer 8

Proved the germ theory

Question 9

How did Robert Koch prove the germ theory?

Answer 9

He identified the bacteria that caused specific diseases e.g tuberculosis

Question 10

What did Edward Jenner create?

Answer 10

The smallpox vaccine

Question 11

What did John Snow prove?

Answer 11

Dirty water caused cholera

Question 12

How did people prevent diseases in the industrial period?

Answer 12

Vaccines (e.g. the smallpox vaccine)
1848 Public Health Act - councils were to improve water/sewage
1875 Public Health Act - city authorities had to provide clean water and public toilets

Question 13

What impact did the smallpox vaccine have?

Answer 13

Over 100000 people around the world vaccinated by 1800
Smallpox was wiped out by the 1970s
Doctors lost money as vaccine was offered for free

Question 14

Who discovered chloroform?

Answer 14

James Simpson

Question 15

Who came up with the Germ Theory?

Answer 15

Louis Pasteur

Question 16

Who proved the Germ Theory?

Answer 16

Robert Koch

Question 17

Who discovered carbolic acid?

Answer 17

Jospeh Lister

Question 18

Who created the smallpox vaccine?

Answer 18

Edward Jenner

Question 19

What factors helped progress?

Answer 19

Government began to spend money on public health
Church had no impact on medicine anymore
New technology e.g. microscopes

Question 20

What was the life expectancy?

Answer 20

60

Question 21

What was spontaneous generation?

Answer 21

Idea that bacteria was caused by decay, proved wrong by Germ Theory

Question 22

What was the Germ Theory?

Answer 22

Idea that bacteria caused decay

Question 23

What did Florence Nightingale do?

Answer 23

Promoted sanitation and ventilation in hospitals
Trained as a nurse and opened a school to train nurses
Used fresh food and clean clothing in hospitals

Question 24

What did Edward Chadwick do?

Answer 24

Completed a report on living conditions and found that unhealthy conditions and diet and overcrowding caused disease
Hoped to encourage better public health

Question 25

What treatments were used?

Answer 25

Surgery - anaesthetics and antiseptics discovered, aseptic surgery developed

Question 26

What did the 1st Public Health Act do?

Answer 26

Was supposed to improve sanitary conditions within towns but wasn’t compulsory so barely did anything

Question 27

What did the 2nd Public Health Act do?

Answer 27

Local Government improved public health:
Sewers were built
Clean water was provided
Public toilets built

Question 28

What were hospitals like?

Answer 28

Florence Nightingale improved hospitals
New hospitals opened by charities
Hospitals were cleaner due to Germ Theory