Industrial Medicine Flashcards
What ideas of causes of disease were rejected by 1700?
Four humours, supernatural, god
What idea of causes of disease still continued?
Miasma
What did James Simpson do?
Discovered chloroform
What did Louis Pasteur do?
Came up with the germ theory
What were the limitations to the germ theory (before Koch)?
Couldn’t prove it
Many people disagreed
What did Joseph Lister do?
Discovered carbolic acid as an antiseptic
What were the limits to carbolic acid?
Burnt the skin of surgeons
Opposition from people who didn’t believe in the germ theory
What did Robert Koch do?
Proved the germ theory
How did Robert Koch prove the germ theory?
He identified the bacteria that caused specific diseases e.g tuberculosis
What did Edward Jenner create?
The smallpox vaccine
What did John Snow prove?
Dirty water caused cholera
How did people prevent diseases in the industrial period?
Vaccines (e.g. the smallpox vaccine)
1848 Public Health Act - councils were to improve water/sewage
1875 Public Health Act - city authorities had to provide clean water and public toilets
What impact did the smallpox vaccine have?
Over 100000 people around the world vaccinated by 1800
Smallpox was wiped out by the 1970s
Doctors lost money as vaccine was offered for free
Who discovered chloroform?
James Simpson
Who came up with the Germ Theory?
Louis Pasteur
Who proved the Germ Theory?
Robert Koch
Who discovered carbolic acid?
Jospeh Lister
Who created the smallpox vaccine?
Edward Jenner
What factors helped progress?
Government began to spend money on public health
Church had no impact on medicine anymore
New technology e.g. microscopes
What was the life expectancy?
60
What was spontaneous generation?
Idea that bacteria was caused by decay, proved wrong by Germ Theory
What was the Germ Theory?
Idea that bacteria caused decay
What did Florence Nightingale do?
Promoted sanitation and ventilation in hospitals
Trained as a nurse and opened a school to train nurses
Used fresh food and clean clothing in hospitals
What did Edward Chadwick do?
Completed a report on living conditions and found that unhealthy conditions and diet and overcrowding caused disease
Hoped to encourage better public health
What treatments were used?
Surgery - anaesthetics and antiseptics discovered, aseptic surgery developed
What did the 1st Public Health Act do?
Was supposed to improve sanitary conditions within towns but wasn’t compulsory so barely did anything
What did the 2nd Public Health Act do?
Local Government improved public health:
Sewers were built
Clean water was provided
Public toilets built
What were hospitals like?
Florence Nightingale improved hospitals
New hospitals opened by charities
Hospitals were cleaner due to Germ Theory
