Modern History - Dumas Flashcards
When was the First Duma?
April - July 1906
(10 weeks)
Who was in the First Duma?
Dominated by Kadets and Trudoviks
What was the First’s Duma’s main demand?
The Trudoviks wanted land reform; more land from landlords
Kadets also supported this, but wanted the State Council to be abolished and for the government to answer directly to Duma.
Why was the First Duma dissolved?
Their demands were far too radical for the tsarist government
(Strong increase in liberal opposition to government after)
When was the 2nd Duma?
February - June 1907
Who was in the 2nd Duma?
Dominated by SRs and Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
How many socialists (mainly SRs) were elected in 2nd Duma?
222
Why was the 2nd Duma dissolved?
It viewed more of a threat than the 1st one did
(For revolutionary parties, it became clear that they wouldn’t achieve their aims through elections)
When was the 3rd Duma?
1907 - 1912
(Lasted full 5 year term - relied upon to Tsarist regime)
What did Stolypin change the election rules to after the 2nd Duma?
Changed them so that conservative deputies instead of reformers were elected
(conservative deputies could be relied on to support government)
Who was in the 3rd Duma?
Octoberists and other conservative deputies
(Liberals realised that Tsar and government would never willingly give up autocratic power)
How many seats did Octoberists and other conservative deputies control out of 443 seats in the 3rd Duma?
287
When was the 4th Duma?
1912 - 1917
Who was in the 4th Duma?
Also dominated by conservatives
(This time right wing nationalist parties even stronger - opposition to government to weak to make impact on law/policies)
By 3rd Duma, police repression was so severe that Revolutionary parties were almost unable to operate because:
- Factory workers could sack striking workers
- Peasants intimidated by landlords - fortified manors and increased security
- By rigging elections - lots of conservatives - never agree to radical reforms
What was Stolypin’s Land Reform?
‘The Wager on the Strong’
- Gave loans for peasants to buy land (individual family communes - use modern farming methods - make profit)
- Encouraged migration to Siberia
What were the successes of Stolypin’s land reforms?
- 3.5 Million peasants moved to Siberia
- Peasant land ownership increased by 30%
- Food increased by 1/3
What were the failures of Stolypin’s land reforms?
- By May 1915, only 14% of peasants taking up land reform made individual family farms
- Further unrest in countryside unsuccessful - failed politically
When was the Lena Goldfields Strike?
1912
What was the Lena Goldfields Strike?
A massacre of strikers at Lena Goldfields, Siberia
How many workers were killed at the Lena Goldfields Strike?
Between 200 and 500, hundreds more wounded
What happened at the Lena Goldfields Strike?
Striking workers (with Bolshevik help) about working conditions:
- Number of strike leaders arrested
Turned into mass protest:
- Brought list of demands to managers
- Huge crowd - soldiers fired: 200-500 killed, more wounded
What happened after the Lena Goldfields Strike?
Nearly 2000 strikes and thousands of protest meetings throughout Russia Russia
