Bristol Flashcards
Why did Temple Quarter need regenerating?
20th century = remaining terraced housing demolished as part of a slum clearance programme
2nd 1/2 of 20th century - heavy industries closed down (city centre docks - new port facilities at Avonmouth and Portbury
Abandoned factories - contaminated with industrial pollution + waste
Several factories = listed buildings
Royal Mail sorting office = stood empty for 20years (demolished - 2013)
Railway sidings constructed covered 40% of current enterprise zone area
1840s - Brunel’s Temple Meads railway station opened - railway connections to London and ports of UK
Temple Meads Station = 1st impression
What are its main features?
Segregated pedestrian and cycle routes
New pedestrian and cycle crossings
Better public facilities for transport = new metrobus stop
Relocation of bus stops to allow more space for pedestrians and cyclists.
Creation of bus proirity lane
What are the Temple Quarter features?
Brunel’s Engine shed (2013)
Temple Meads station (£10.2million) upgrade
How was it successful?
Almost 400 firms from creative, digital and green industries
Projects to come = improvements to railway station + completion of uni campus
Attractive + accessible environment
More than 4000 jobs created as pasrt of 25 year plan to create 17000 jobs
Finzels Reach has been redeveloped into flourishing water front area + offices with shops, restaurants and cafes. (Brownfield development)
What is the largest GREENFIELD development (1980s)
Bradely Stoke Town - new housing developments for growing pop but concerns about traffic congestion + environmental impact
Impact of urban sprawl?
Extended Bristol North and South
e.g new town Bradley Stoke (9km north from city centre) extended into South Glocestershire
Concerns about increased traffic + noise/air pollution
Housing development at Harry Stokes - 1200 homes - objected to by locals
Bristol’s pop is growing by ……%/year
Actions on waste reduction has reduced domestic waste amount by …% per year to 462kg in 2019
But city still generated about 14000 tonnes of rubbish/year
The waste that’s not recycled (54,000 tonnes) taken to mechanical treatment plant in……………. - food waste converter to methane + biogas to generate electricity = …… gigwatts per year - powers ……homes
1%
8%
Avonmouth
300+
84,000
……of city’s residents (700000+) live in some of England’s most deprived areas
House prises increased by ……% in 2014
Employment rate = …….% = one of highest in UK cities, but high levels of unemployment in ……….. and……….
2020, ………families on council waiting list to be rehomed.
15%
50%
77%
Witchurch and Filwood = highest entitilesment to free school meals
13000
Why is there a North/South divide?
Unemployment rate (NE) =
SE =
Industrial Revolution - industries (coal) declined in employment
Lonon + SE thrived due to increasing service sector
Alternative sources of energy = decreased importance of coalfields
5.4%
3.4%
Sustainable Urban Development:
Water conservation:
- ……………… to store water
- ……………….to use up water, slow it down and filter out pollutants
- ……………… for water storage
- ………………. to slow water transfer to soil
- SUDs - aims to reduce surface water flooding by capturing and storing
- ………………… (e.g water metres) to encourage home owners to use water sparingly
- …………………. in tanks for watering gardens
- ‘………………..’ stores water + creates green spaces
- Green roofs
- Planting vegetation
- Wetlands
- Permeable surfaces (drive ways and pavements)
- Water saving devices
- Collecting rainwater
What is urban sustainability?
Creating an environment that meets the social, economic and environmental needs of existing residents without compromising the same for future generations
Urban Sustainability: Energy conservation
- ……………………. tech captures heat produced when generating electricity
- Use of …………………… appliances (power rating)
- …………………and…………………. used to generate electricity
- ………………and………………… to increase energy efficiency by reducing waste
-In UK, buildings required to have ……………………rating (higher = lower bills)
- Combined heat and power tech
- Energy-efficient appliances
- Solar panels + wind turbines
- Insulation + double glazing
- Energy Efficiency Rating
Urban Sustainability: Waste Recycling
2020 - UK set a legally binding target of recycling ……..% of waste by ………with no more than …….% going to landfill sites
Several million tonnes of food waste is thrown away annually in UK - £…../family
SO ……………………………….. = food mixed with garden waste
+ ……………………………. = microorganisms break down food to create compost + gas - used to generate electricity
65% by 2035
£700
In-vessel composting
Anaerobic digestion
Urban Sustainability: Green Spaces
- Provides ……………………. + ………………….
- ………………………. through planting trees
- ………………………. improving mental health
- ……………………………. = keeps cities cool + conserves energy
Habitats + promotes biodiversity
Reduces flood risk
Provides areas for recreation
Acts as ‘cities’ lungs’
Urban Challenges: Employment
Bristol’s employment rate = one of highest in UK cities = …………%
City attracts …………….. (in high tech sector)
High levels of unemployment in …………….., ………………. and ……………..
Many of these children achieve low educational attainment + lack the skills to benefit from employment prospects
77.6%
Investment
Witchurch, Filwood and Lawrence Hill
Urban Challenges: Education
Children born in areas of URBAN DEPRIVATION = lowest levels of attainment
Some areas such as …………….. have the highest entitlements to free school meals
Rates of underachievement are high among children in ……………. (English not 1st language)
Filwood
Ethnic groups
Urban Challenges: Inequalities in Housing
Huge surge in demand = house prices rose by …….% since ……….
In …………., ………….. families were …………………. to be re-homed (many houses need modernisation + shortage of affordable housing to rent)
High proportion of …………….. or people in ………………….
Large number of ………… living in Bristol = increased pressure on housing + rental markets
50% since 2014
2020, 13000 - council waiting list
Homeless people + those in temporary accommodation
Students
Urban Challenges: Urban Deprivation (deprived of services/amenities)
Why?
……..% of city’s residents (…………..) live in some of most deprived areas - near centre and south of city
- High population densities
- Congested roads
- Few shops + parks
- High crime and unemployment rate
- Bomb damage (WW2) - many inner city residents housed in suburbs = council run estates in need of modernisation = high crime + unemployment rates
Urban Challenges: Health
Deprived areas such as …………… record lower than average levels of good health and life expectancy + high levels of ………………….. + ………………
In contrast, wealthier areas such as ………….. experience higher than average levels of good health + high life expectancy
Hartcliffe
Clifton
Urban Challenges: Dereliction
Why?
Inner City = Stokes Croft = 1900 - …………………………………
1960s - = port moved downstream to …………………… for larger ships
……………………… in 1960s and 70s = closure of local businesses + industries
Bristol council developing buildings = attracting younger people
- Decline of industries (port + railway centre) = brownfield sites
- Development of post-industrial economy based on high-tech services
- Former industrial areas may be pollute/contaminated = £££ to develop
Accomodation for industrial workers = high population densities
Avonmouth
DEINDUSTRIALISATION
