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General Knowledge > Modern History > Flashcards

Modern History Flashcards

1
Q

Advent of Europeans

A

-Portuguese
-Dutch
-English
-Danes
-French

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2
Q

When did Vasco da Gama reached the port of Calicut?

A

In 1498, Vasco-da-Gama reached the port of Calicut during the reign of King Zamorin, who was the Hindu ruler of Calicut.

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3
Q

Settlements of Portuguese were

A

Daman, Salsette, Chaul, and Bombay (west coast), Santhome (near Madras), and at Hooghly

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4
Q

Who is the second Governor of India?

A

Alfonso de Albuquerque

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5
Q

Who captured Goa in AD 1510

A

Alfonso de Albuquerque arrived in 1509 and captured Goa in AD 1510

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6
Q

First Governor of India

A

Francisco de Almeida

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7
Q

When did Dutch East India Company was formed?

A

In AD 1602

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8
Q

When and between whom did the Battle of Bedara happened?

A

In AD 1602 BoB happened between Dutch was defeated by the English.

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9
Q

As per the agreement, Dutch gained control over

A

Indonesia

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10
Q

As per the agreement, British gained control over

A

India, Sri Lanka, and Malaya

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11
Q

Dutch’s first factory was set up

A

at Masulipatnam in 1605

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12
Q

Dutch’s other factories were

A

Pulicat, Chinsura, Patna, Balasore, Nagapattinam, Cochin, Surat, Karaikal, and Kasimbazar

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13
Q

Write briefly about East India Company.

A

In 1599, the East India Company was formed under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth in 1600

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14
Q

What Farman did Jahangir granted to Captain William Hawkings

A

permitting the English to erect a factory at Surat (1613)

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15
Q

In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe succeeded in getting an imperial Farman to

A

trade and establish a factory in all parts of the Mughal Empire by ruler Jahangir

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16
Q

In 1690, Job Charnock established

A

a factory at Sutanuti.

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17
Q

In 1698,

A

the city of calcutta was founded, following by the acquisition of Zamindari of three villages of Sutanuti, Kalikata, and Govindpur.

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18
Q

Fort William was set up in

A

1700

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19
Q

In 1717, John Surman obtained a Farman from

A

Farrukhsiyar, which gave large concessions to the company

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20
Q

Farrukhsiyar’s Farman is known as

A

the Magna Carta of the Company

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21
Q

When did battle of Plassey held?

A

In 1757

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22
Q

What happened in the Battle of Plassey?

A

English defeated Sirajuddaula, the nawab of Bengal

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22
Q

What happened in the battle of Buxar?

A

In 1764, captain Munro, defeated joint forces of Mir Qasim (Bengal), Shujauddaula (Awadh) and Shah Alam II (Mughal)

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22
Q

When was Danish East India Company formed?

A

In 1616

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22
Q

Who sold their settlements to the English in 1845?

A

Serampur (Bengal) and Tranquebar (Tamil Nadu)

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22
Q

Who formed the French East India Company?

A

In 1664, Colbert did, under state patronage.

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22
Q

The Danish colony ‘Tranquebar’ was established on

A

the southern Coromandel coast of India

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22
Q

When was the First French factory established and by whom?
and another French factory?

A

At Surat by Francois Caron in 1668.
At Masulipatnam was set up in 1669.

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22
Q

When was French defeated by English?

A

In the battle of Wandiwash in 1760.

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23
Q

Governor- Generals of Bengal

A
  • Warren Hastings (AD 1772-85)
    -Lord Cornwallis (AD 1786-93)
    -Sir John Shore (AD 1793-98)
    -Lord Wellesley (AD 1798-1805)
    -George Barlow (AD 1805-07)
    -Lord Minto 1 (AD 1807-13)
    -Lord Hastings (AD 1813-23)
    -Lord Amherst (AD 1823-28)
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23
Q

What is the Act of 1781?

A

Act of 1781 made a clear demarcation between the jurisdiction of the governor General-in-council and Supreme Court at Calcutta

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23
Q

Who brought the dual government to an end and how?

A

Warren Hastings by Regulating Act, 1773

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23
Q

Who founded Asiatic Society of Bengal and when?

A

In 1784, it was found in Calcutta by Sir William Jones

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23
Q

What wars happened under the rule of Warren Hastings?

A

Pitt’s India Act (1784), Rohilla War (1774), the first Maratha War (1778-1782), the Treaty of Salbai with Marathas (1782) and the second Mysore war (1780-84) happened under his rule.

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23
Q

Warren Hastings was the governor general of Bengal from?

A

AD 1772- 85

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23
Q

Lord Cornwallis

A

AD 1786-93

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23
Q

Who translated Bhagavata Gita into English in 1785?

A

Charles Wilkins

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23
Q

What big incident happened during the rule of Lord Cornwallis?

A

The third Mysore War (1790-92) and Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) happened during his rule.

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23
Q

What did Lord cornwallis introduced ?

A

permanent settlement in Bengal and Bihar (1793)

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23
Q

Father of civil services in India

A

Lorn Cornwallis

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23
Q

What Civil reforms did Lord Cornwallis do?

A

He introduced judicial reforms by separating revenue administration from judicial administration and established a system of circles (thanas, headed by a Daroga (an Indian)).

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23
Q

who translated Abhigyan Shakuntalam in English?

A

William Jones in 1789.

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23
Q

Sir John Shore

A

AD 1793-98

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23
Q

Sir John Shore played an important role in the

A

introduction of permanent settlement

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24
Q

When and between whom did The battle of Kharda took place?

A

between the Nizams and the Marathas took place in 1795.

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24
Q

Lord Wellesley

A

AD 1798-1805

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24
Q

Lord Wellesley introduced

A

the subsidiary alliance in 1798

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24
Q

Lord Wellesley’s first alliance was

A

the Nizam of Hyderabad followed by Mysore, Tanjore, Awadhi, the Peshwa, the Bhonsle and the Scindia

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24
Q

What took place under the reign of Lord Wellesley?

A

The treaty of Bassein (1802) and the second Maratha war took place under the reign

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24
Q

George Barlow

A

(1805-07)

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25
Q

Vellore Mutiny took place on

A

July 10, 1806

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26
Q

Lord Minto 1

A

AD 1807- 13

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27
Q

Lord Minto 1 concluded

A

the Treaty of Amritsar with Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1809)

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28
Q

Which act was passed during the reign of Lord Minto 1?

A

The Charter Act of 1813 was passed under his reign

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29
Q

Lord Hastings

A

AD 1813- 23

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30
Q

What war and treaty took place under the reign of Lord Hastings

A

The Anglo Nepal war (1814-16) and Treaty of Sagauli (1816),
The Third Maratha war (1817-18) and dissolution of Maratha confederation and creation of Bombay Presidency

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31
Q

Lorn Amherst

A

AD 1823-28

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32
Q

The Pundari war and establishment of Ryotwari System was done by

A

Thomas Munro (1820)

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33
Q

The First Burmese war

A

1824-26

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34
Q

Treaty of Yandaboo

A

1826

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35
Q

Capture of Bharatpur

A

1826

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36
Q

Governor Generals of India

A

-Lord William Bentick (AD 1828-35)
-Lord Metcalfe (AD 1835-36)
-Lord Auckland (AD 1836-42)
-Lord Ellenborough (AD 1842-44)
-Lord Hardinge (AD 1844-48)
-Lord Dalhousie (AD 1848-56)

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37
Q

First Governor-Generals of India

A

Lord William Bentick

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38
Q

When was the Charter Act passed?

A

AD 1833

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39
Q

What social reforms did Lord William Bentick did?

A

prohibition of the Sati system (1829) and the elimination of thugs (1830)

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40
Q

what was Macaulay’s recommendations?

A

English was made the medium of higher education. He also suppressed female infanticide and child sacrifice.

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41
Q

What was Lord Metcalfe known as in India?

A

The liberator of the press

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42
Q

Under whose rule did the First Afghan war (1838-42) happened?

A

a disaster for English happened during the rule of Lord Auckland

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43
Q

Who brought an end to the Afghan war?

A

Lord Ellenborough

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44
Q

What happened under the rule of Lord Ellenborough?

A

The War of Gwalior (1843) and Annexation of Sind by Charles Napier (1843)

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45
Q

under the reign of Lord Hardinge

A

First Angle-Sikh war (1845-46) and Treaty of Lahore (1846)

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46
Q

Who gave preferences to English educated persons in employement?

A

Lord Hardinge

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47
Q

What happened under the reign of lord dalhousie

A

Doctrine of Lapse and annexation of Satara (1848), Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849), Bhagat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) Nagpur (1854) and Awadh (annexed in 1856 on account of Maladministration).

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48
Q

Lord Dalhousie laid down the first Railway line between

A

Bombay and Thane (1853)

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49
Q

First issue of Indian Stamp

A

in Karachi in 1854

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50
Q

Telegraph line between

A

Calcutta and Agra

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51
Q

Postal reforms with the Post Office Act were introduced during the rule of

A

Lord Dalhousie

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52
Q

What public works were started by Lord Dalhousie?

A

Grand trunk road work and harbor of Karachi, Bombay, and Calcutta were developed

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53
Q

what is the charter act, 1853?

A

Selection of civil service through competitive examination.

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54
Q

Widow remarriage act, 1856

A

the main force being Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar was brought under Lord Dalhousie.

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55
Q

Who started engineering college at Roorkee?

A

Dalhousie

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56
Q

Viceroys of India

A

-Lord Canning (AD 1856-62)
-Lord Elgin (AD 1862)
-Lord John Lawrence (AD 1864-69)
-Lord Mayo (AD 1869-72)
-Lord Northbrooke (AD 1872-76)
-Lord Lytton (AD 1876-80)
-Lord Ripon (AD 1880-84)
-Lord Dufferin (AD 1884-88)
-Lord Lansdowne (AD 1888-94)
-Lord Elgin II (AD 1894-99)
-Lord Curzon (AD 1899-1905)
-Lord Minto (AD 1905-10)
-Lord Hardinge (AD 1910-16)
-Lord Chelmsford (AD 1916-21)
-Lord Reading (AD 1921-26)
-Lord Irwin (AD 1926-31)
-Lord Willington (AD 1931-36)
-Lord Linlithgow (AD 1936-43)
-Lord Wavell (AD 1943-47)
-Lord Mountbatten (March-August 1947)

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57
Q

Lord canning

A

AD 1856-62

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58
Q

Who was the last governor-general and first Viceroy?

A

Lord Canning

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59
Q

Who withdrew Doctrine of Lapse?

A

Lord Canning

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60
Q

What significant event occurred in 1857?

A

Revolt of 1857 and the mutiny took place.

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61
Q

What important legislation was passed in 1860?

A

Indian Penal Code 1860 was passed.

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62
Q

Which act ended the rule of the East India Company?

A

The government of India Act, 1858

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63
Q

1857 (Establishment of)

A

The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established.

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64
Q

Wahabi movement was suppressed in the time period of

A

Lord Elgin

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65
Q

Who established the High Courts in 1865?

A

Lord John Lawrence established the high courts in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1865.

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66
Q

Which communication was opened with Europe by Lawrence?

A

Telegraphic communication was opened with Europe

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67
Q

What did John Lawrence created?

A

The Indian Forest Department

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68
Q

Who organised the statistical survey of India 1872?

A

Lord Mayo

69
Q

For the first time in Indian history and census was held in

A

1872

70
Q

The process of financial decentralization in India was started by

A

Lord Mayo

71
Q

Lord mayo established the department of

A

Agriculture and commerce

72
Q

Lord Mayo established

A

the Rajkot college at Kathiawar and Mayo College at Ajmer for Indian Princess

73
Q

the only viceroy to be murdered in office

A

Lord Mayo was murdered by a Pathan convict in the Andamans in 1872

74
Q

What happened during the tenure of Lord Northbrooke?

A

Kuka Rebellion in Punjab and Famine in Bihar happened.

75
Q

Viceroy of reverse character

A

Lord Lytton

76
Q

Which act was passed in 1876?

A

Royal Titles Act

77
Q

When was the assumption of the title of the Empress of India by Queen Victoria

A

during the tenure of Lord Lytton

78
Q

When was Delhi Durbar were held?

A

January 1877

79
Q

Which act to restrain the circulation of printed matter was passed?

A

Vernacular Press Act or Gagging Act

80
Q

Which act made it mandatory for Indians to acquire a license in arms?

A

Arms act of 1878

81
Q

The first factory Act of 1881

A

prohibited child labor

82
Q

Local government was introduced in

A

1882

83
Q

The founding father of local self- governance in India

A

Lord Ripon

84
Q

Which commission was appointed to improve primary and secondary edu.?

A

An education commission was appointed under Sir William Hunter in 1882 to improve primary and secondary education.

85
Q

The libert bill controversy 1883

A

enable Indian district magistrates to try European criminals

86
Q

The third Burmese war took place from

A

AD 1885-86

87
Q

When was INC established?

A

In 1885

88
Q

Which act granted weekly holidays and stipulated working hours for women and children?

A

The factory Act

89
Q

The civil services were divided into

A

Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate services

90
Q

Which act increased the size of Legislative councils in India?

A

The Indian Councils Act in 1892

91
Q

The Durand Commission defined

A

the Durand Line between British India and Afghanistan, in 1893

92
Q

1899

A

southern uprisings were seen

93
Q

1896-97

A

The great Famine (From Bundelkhand Agra province)
Lyall Commission on Famine was established.

94
Q

A commission was appointed under Sir Thomas Raleigh to

A

suggest reforms regards universities in 1902

95
Q

1904

A

The Indian Universities Act was passed

96
Q

When was the Ancient Monuments Preservation Act passed?

A
  1. The Archeological Survey of India was established.
97
Q

1905

A

Agricultural Research Institute was established at Pusa in Delhi

98
Q

Who partitioned Bengal in 1905

A

Lord Curzon

99
Q

Swadeshi Movement took place from

A

1905-08

100
Q

The foundation of Muslim League took place in

A

1906

101
Q

1907

A

Surat sessions and split in the congress took place

102
Q

1909

A

Morley Minto Reforma were introduced

103
Q

When was the capital was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi

A

In 1911

104
Q

Delhi Darbar and Partition of Bengal were cancelled in

A

1911

105
Q

The Hindu Mahasabha was founded

A

in 1915 by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya

106
Q

In 1915,

A

Gandhi returned to India

107
Q

1916

A

Sabarmati Ashram was founded

108
Q

1917

A

Champaran Satyagraha

109
Q

1918

A

Satyagraha at Ahmedabad, Kheda Satyagraha.

110
Q

Montagu declaration

A

1917 August

111
Q

Secretary of State and Montford reforms or government of India act of

A

1919

112
Q

Why was government of India Act passed in 1919?

A

to increase the number of Indians in the government.

113
Q

Rowlatt act

A

March 1919

114
Q

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

A

13th April 1919

115
Q

when was Khilafat committee formed?

A

March 1919

116
Q

When was Khilafat Movement started?

A

1919-20

117
Q

Non-cooperation movement took pace from

A

1920-22

118
Q

Women’s University was founded at Poona in

A

1916

119
Q

1922

A

Repeal of Rowlatt act

120
Q

Chauri-Chaura

A

feb 1922

121
Q

The formation of Swaraj Party happened on

A

January 1, 1923

122
Q

Moplah Rebellion took place

A

1921

123
Q

The Kakari train Robbery took place on

A

August 1, 1925

124
Q

Communal Riots of 1923-25 happened in

A

Multan, Amritsar, Delhi, etc.

125
Q

1927

A

Simon Commission visited India

126
Q

1929

A

Indian Resolution was passed by congress

127
Q

12th march 1930

A

The Dandi March

128
Q

6th April 1930

A

Civil Disobedience Movement

129
Q

November 12, 1930

A

The first Round Table Conference was held in 1930 in England.

130
Q

March 5, 1931

A

Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed

131
Q

The Lahore Session of Congress and Poorna Swaraj Declaration were held in

A

1929

132
Q

1931

A

2nd round table conference

133
Q

1932

A

third round table conference

134
Q

1935

A

The government of India Act was passed

135
Q

16th August 1932

A

Communal Awards assigned a separate electorate.
(Gandhiji went on an Epic fast to protest against this division).

136
Q

Congress Minister’s resignation celebrated as

A

Deliverance Day by the Muslim League (1939) 22 december

137
Q

23th march 1940

A

The Lahore Resolution of the Muslim League demanding a separate state for the Muslims.
(It was this session that Jinnah propounded his two-Nation Theory)

138
Q

World war broke outbreak

A

1939

139
Q

Cripps Mission came to India in

A

1942

140
Q

8th August 1942

A

The Quit India Movement

141
Q

16th May 1946

A

The cabinet Mission plan was announced

142
Q

9th december 1946

A

First meeting of the constituent assembly was held.

143
Q

Arranged the shimla conference on 25th June 1945 with the

A

failure of talks between the INC and Muslim League

144
Q

(1946) The election to constituent assembly were held and

A

an interim government was appointed under Nehru

145
Q

The first governor-general of free India

A

Lord Mountbatten

146
Q

3rd June Plan or Mountbatten Plan

A

The partition of India was decided by this plan.

147
Q

When did Mountbatten retire?

A

1948

148
Q

Who succeeded Mountbatten?

A

C. Rajagopalachari (the first and the last governor-general of free India

149
Q

4th July 1947

A

The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament, by which India became Independent on 15th august 1947

150
Q

When did the revolt of 1857 started?

A

it started at Meerut on 10th May 1857

151
Q

What are the political causes of the revolt of 1857?

A

The policy of doctrine of Lapse, Subsidiary Alliance, Annexation of Awadh, Disrespect shown to Mughal Emperor.

152
Q

What se the Economic causes behind the revolt of 1857?

A

Heavy taxation, evictions, Discriminatory Tariff Policy against Indian products, and destruction of traditional handicrafts that hit peasants, artisans and small zamindars

153
Q

Military discrimination of the revolt

A

As Indian soldiers were paid low salaries, they could not rise above the rank of subedar and were racially insulted.

154
Q

Grievances of Sepoys

A

The introduction of the Enfield rifle, and its cartridge of which were greased with animal fat, provided the spark.

155
Q

The revolt of 1857

A

A rebellion broke out among Sepoys of Meerut on 10th May 1857 which later spread to other parts of the country.

156
Q

Who provided active support to the British which caused failure to the revolt of 1857?

A

The Nizam of Hyderabad, the Raja of Jodhpur, Scindia of Gwalior, the Holkar of Indore, the rulers of Patiala, Sindh and Kashmir, and the Rana of Nepal

157
Q

another cause of failure of the revolt of 1857?

A

Comparative lack of efficient leadership

158
Q

Impact of Revolt

A

-The control of Indian administration was passed on the British crown by the Government of Indian Act, 1858.
-Reorganisation of the army.
-After the revolt, the British pursued the policy of Divide and rule

159
Q

When and who formed INC?

A

IN 1885 by AO Hume, a retired civil servent

160
Q

Where was the first session of INC held?

A

In Bombay

161
Q

Under whom and when was the first session held in Bombay?

A

Under the Presidentship of WC Bannerjee in 1885.

162
Q

How many delegates attended the first session?

A

72 delegates from all over India

163
Q

The first two decades of INC are described in history as

A

those of moderate demands and a sense of confidence in British justice and generosity

164
Q

Moderate leaders are

A

Dada Bhai Naoroji, Badruddin Tyabji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Surendranath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose

165
Q

Who announced the Partition of Bengal 1905?

A

Lord Curzon

166
Q

when was the partition of Bengal announced?

A

16th October 1905

167
Q

How was the partition of Bengal happened?

A

by Lord Curzon through a royal proclamation, reducing the old province of Bengal in size by creating East Bengal and Assam out of rest of Bengal

168
Q

Swadeshi movement had its origin in the

A

anti-partition movement of Bengal

169
Q

Who played an important role in Swadeshi movement?

A

Lal, Bal, Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh

170
Q

INC took the Swadeshi call first at the

A

Banaras Session, 1905, Presided over by GK Gokhale

171
Q

When was Muslim League set up?

A

in 1906

172
Q

Who set up Muslim League?

A

Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka and Nawab Mohsin ul Mulk

173
Q

The league supported and opposed

A

Partition of Bengal and the Swadeshi Movement respectively

174
Q

The league demanding

A

special safeguards to its community and a separate electorate for Muslims

175
Q

The demand for Swaraj was

A

put forth in the Calcutta Session in December 1906

176
Q

The INC, under the leadership of

A

Dadabhai Naoroji, adopted Swaraj (self-government) as the goal of the Indian people

177
Q

The INC split into two groups:

A

the Extremists and the Moderates

178
Q

Why did the INC split into two groups?

A

Due to the debate on the nature of Swadeshi Movement

179
Q

Extremists were led by

A

Lal, Bal, Pal

180
Q

Moderates were led by

A

GK Gokhale

181
Q

The Morley-Minto Reforms envisaged

A

a separate electorate for Muslims, besides other constitutional measures

182
Q

Lord Minto came to be known as

A

the ‘Father of Communal Electorate’

183
Q

When was Ghadar Party formed?

A

in 1913

184
Q

Ghadar Party was formed by

A

Lala Hardayal, Taraknath Das and Sohansingh Bakhna

185
Q

Where was Ghadar Party HQ’ed?

A

In San Francisco

186
Q

How was the name of the Ghadar Party taken?

A

from a weekly paper, Ghadar, which had been started on 1st November 1913 to commemorate the 1857 revolt

187
Q

Home Rule Movement started by

A

BG Tilak (April 1916) at Poona and Annie Besant and S. Subramania Iyer at Adyar, near Madras (September 1916)

188
Q

What was the objective of Home Rule Movement?

A

self-government of India in the British Empire

189
Q

During Home rule movement Tilak raised the Slogan

A

‘Swaraj is my Birth Right and I shall have it!’

190
Q

Lucknow pact was between

A

INC and Muslim League

191
Q

following a war between Britain and Turkey leading to

A

Anti-British feelings among Muslims

192
Q

Both INC and ML organisations jointly demanded dominion status for the country and

A

congress accepted a separate electorate for Muslims

193
Q

AUGUST DECLARATION (1917)
After the Lucknow Pact, the British policy was announced which aimed at

A

increasing associations of Indians in every branch of the administration for the progressive realization of responsible government in India as an integral part of the British Empire

194
Q

Which act or reform is based on august declaration?

A

Montague-Chelmsford reforms or the Act of 1919

195
Q

Rowlatt Act 18th March 1919

A

This act gave unbridled powers to the government to arrest and imprison suspects without trial

196
Q

Rowlatt law enable the government to

A

suspend the right of Habeas Corpus, which had been the foundation of civil liberties in Britain

197
Q

the first countrywide agitation by Gandhiji.

A

Rowlatt Satyagraha by Gandhiji against the act.

198
Q

13th April 1919

A

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

199
Q

10th April 1919

A

Arrest of Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal, which agitated people

200
Q

Who fired at people who assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar?

A

General Dyer

201
Q

Michael O’Dwyer was

A

Lt. Governor of Punjab at that time

202
Q

Why was to hunter commission appointed?

A

to enquire into the massacre

203
Q

who returned his knighthood in protest?

A

Rabindranath Tagore

204
Q

Who killed Michael O’Dwyer?

A

Sardar Udham Singh in Caxton Hall, London on Marcha 13, 1940

205
Q

Who started Khilafat Movement?

A

Ali brothers, Mohd. Ali and Shaukat Ali

206
Q

Khilafat movement was jointly led by

A

The khilafat leaders and the congress

207
Q

The reason to led Khilafat movement was

A

The Muslims were alighted by the treatment with Turkey by the British in the treaty that followed the First World War.

General Knowledge (6 decks)

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