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MEDIEVAL HISTORY Flashcards

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1
Q

The important kingdoms split after the death of Harshavardhana were

A

Kashmir, Gandhara, Sindh, Gujarat, Kannauj, Ajmer, Malwa, Bengal and Assam.

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2
Q

The timeline of Rajput’s dominance

A

It began from the 7th and 8th centuries and lasted till the Muslim conquest in the 12th century

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3
Q

What are the various theories about origin of Rajputs

A

1). They are considered as descendants of foreign invaders
2). Descendants of Kshatriyas
3). Modern scholars agree that nearly all Rajput clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities.

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4
Q

What is the chief occupation of Rajputs?

A

Trade and agriculture prospered

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5
Q

Why do Rajputs engage in various wars?

A

To establish their supremacy over other rulers.

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6
Q

Capital and Founder of Chauhan/ Chahaman of Delhi-Ajmer

A

Delhi and Vasudeva

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7
Q

Capital and Founder of Pratihara/Parihar of Kannauj

A

Avanti, Kannauj and Nagabhatt I

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8
Q

Capital and Founder of Pawar/Parmar of Malwa

A

Ujjain, Dhar and Seeak II ‘Sri Harsha’

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9
Q

Capital and Founder of Chalukya/Solanki of Kathiyawar

A

Anihalvada and Mularaja I

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10
Q

Capital and Founder of Rashtrakuta of Malkhand

A

Malkhand/Manyakheta and Dantidurg (Danti Varman II)

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11
Q

Capital and Founder of Chandela of Jejakabhukti

A

Khajuraho, Mahoba, Kalinjar and Nannuk Chandela

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12
Q

Capital and Founder of Kalchuri/Haihaya of Chedi

A

Tripuri and Kokkala I

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13
Q

Capital and Founder of Gadhawal/Rathore of Kannauj

A

Kannauj and Chandradeva

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14
Q

Capital and Founder of TOMAR OF HARYANA and DELHI

A

Dhillika and Anangpal Singh Tomar

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15
Q

Capital and Founder of SISODIYA OF MEWAR

A

Chittor and Bappa Rawal Hammir I

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16
Q

The religion Islam was born at

A

Mecca in Arabia

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17
Q

Who is the founder of Islam?

A

Prophet Mohammad

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18
Q

What is the starting point of Muslim calendar and Muslim era?

A

When Prophet Mohammad migrated to Medina in 622 CE

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19
Q

What is Muslim era called?

A

Hijra

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20
Q

When did Prophet Mohammad returned?

A

after 8 years, he returned to Mecca with his followers

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21
Q

When did Prophet Mohammad died?

A

632 CE

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22
Q

What did the followers of Muhammad do?

A

The followers of Mohammad set up an empire called the Caliphate

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23
Q

Who were called the Caliphs?

A

Umayyad and the Abbasid

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24
Q

When did the Arab conquest occured?

A

712 CE

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25
Q

By whom did the arab conquest occur?

A

Muhammad-bin-Qasim

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26
Q

Who was Muhammad-bin-Qasim?

A

Commander of the Umayyad Kingdom

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27
Q

Qasim extended the conquest further into?

A

Multan

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28
Q

Who organized the administration of Sind?

A

Qasim

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29
Q

Who obstructed the expansion of Muslims in India?

A

Powerful Pratihara Kingdom in Western India

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30
Q

Who is Mahmud Ghaznavi?

A

The ruler of Ghazni

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31
Q

How many raids has Ghaznavi made?

A

17 Raids

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32
Q

Where were the initial raids were directed against?

A

Against the Hindu rulers

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33
Q

Who was defeated in AD 1001 by Mahmud and then in in AD (1008-09)

A

The Hindu ruler Jaipal and his son Anandpala was defeated.

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34
Q

In which battle was the son of Jaipal, Anandpala defeated by Mahmid?

A

Battle of Waihind

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35
Q

Which temple was plundered by Ghaznavi?

A

Somnath temple in AD 1025

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36
Q

When did Mahmud defeated the Jats?

A

In AD 1026

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37
Q

When did Mahmud died?

A

In AD 1030

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38
Q

Who were patronized by Mahmud?

A

He patronized three persons, contemporary to him, Firdausi, Al-biruni and Utbi.

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39
Q

What book did Al-biruni wrote?

A

Kitab-ul-Hind

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40
Q

When was Muhammad Ghori ascended the throne at Ghazni?

A

In 1173

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41
Q

Where does Muhammad Ghori move towards?

A

Towards Punjab and Ganga valley, but was defeated by Prithviraj.

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42
Q

Who was the ruler of Delhi in 1191?

A

Prithviraj

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43
Q

Prithviraj and Ghori had which battle?

A

The first battle of Tarain in 1191

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44
Q

What happened at the second battle of tarain ?

A

In the second battle of Tarain in 1192, Prithviraj was defeated by Ghori.

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45
Q

To rule over what was Prithviraj allowed ?

A

Ajmer

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46
Q

What charges was put of Prithviraj?

A

The charges of conspiracy were the reason of him being expelled.

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47
Q

Who wrote Prithviraj Raso?

A

The court poet of Prithviraj, Chand Bardai.

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48
Q

What does Prithviraj Raso depicts?

A

It depicts the life story of PRITHVIRAJ and his love for SANYOGITA.

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49
Q

What foundation does the defeat of Prithviraj laid?

A

The foundation of Muslim rule in India.

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50
Q

When and who was defeated in the battle of chandawar?

A

Jaichand of Kannauj in 1194

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51
Q

Delhi Sultanate existed from

A

AD 1206 to 1526

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52
Q

The five different dynasties that ruled under the Delhi Sultanate were

A

The Slave, the Khilji, the Tughlaq, the sayyids and the Lodhis

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53
Q

Mamluk means

A

Slave

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54
Q

The Slave dynasty was also called

A

Mamluk dynasty

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55
Q

The Slave dynasty ruled over Delhi from

A

AD 1206 to 1290

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56
Q

How many dynasties were established during the period of Slave?

A

Three dynasties - Qutbi, First Ilbari, Second Ilbari.

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57
Q

Who founded Qutbi dynasty (1206-1210)?

A

Qutbuddin Aibak

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58
Q

Who founded First Ilbari dynasty (1210-1266)?

A

Iltutmish

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59
Q

Who founded Second Ilbari dynasty (1266-1290)?

A

Balban

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60
Q

How was Qutbuddin and Muhammad Ghori are related?

A

Qutbuddin was a slave of Muhammad Ghori

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61
Q

Who made Qutbuddin the governor?

A

Ghori made Aibak the governor of his Indian Possessions.

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62
Q

What was the capital of Aibak after the death of Ghori?

A

Lahore

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63
Q

Why does Muslim writers call Aibak ‘lakh Baksh’ or giver of Lakhs?

A

because he gave liberal donations to charities.

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64
Q

Whom did Aibak patronized?

A

The great scholar Hasan Nizami

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65
Q

Iltutmish belonged to

A

Ilbari tribe

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66
Q

Which policy saved India from the wrath of Chengiz Khan?

A

Mongol policy

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66
Q

Iltutmish’s dynasty was names as

A

Ilbari Dynasty

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67
Q

Name the contemporary scholars who added grandeur to Iltutmish’s court.

A

Minhaji-us-Siraj, Taj-ud-Din, Nizam-ul-Mulk, Muhammad Janaidi Malik, Qutb-ud-din Hasan and Fakhr-ul-Mulk-Isami

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68
Q

Qutub Minar

A

the tallest stone tower in India (238ft)

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69
Q

Apart from Qutub Minar what has Iltutmish built?

A

A magnificent mosque at Ajmer

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70
Q

Whom did Iltutmish nominated as his successor?

A

His daughter, Rajiya

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71
Q

Who is the first female ruler of India?

A

Rajiya Sultana

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71
Q

Ghiyasuddin Balban was known as

A

Ulagh Khan

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72
Q

Who did Ghiyasuddin served?

A

He served as Naib or regent to Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud

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72
Q

Younger son of Iltutmish is

A

Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud

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73
Q

What did Ghiyasuddin Balban established?

A

Separate military department Diwan-i-Arz and reorganized the army

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74
Q

The advent of Khilji dynasty (1290-1320) marked

A

the zenith of Muslim imperialism in India

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75
Q

Who is the founder of Khilji dynasty?

A

Jalaluddin Khilji

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76
Q

How did Alauddin Khilji got the throne?

A

He treacherously murdered his father-in-law Jalaluddin Khilji and usurped the throne of Delhi

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77
Q

In 1301, Alauddin marched against?

A

Ranthambore

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78
Q

After how much time did Ranthambore fell?

A

After three month’s siege it fell. The Rajput women committed Jauhar or self-immolation.

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79
Q

When did Alauddin Khilji died?

A

in 1316

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80
Q

Alauddin Khilji patronized poets like

A

Amir Khusro and Amir Hasan

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81
Q

Alauddin Khilji built

A

famous gateway known as Alai Darwaja and constructed a new capital at Siri

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82
Q

Who is the founder of Tughlaq dynasty

A

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

83
Q

Where did Ghiyasuddin laid the foundation?

A

near Delhi

84
Q

The name of the Delhi sultan who had received a comprehensive literary, religious and philosophical education.

A

Muhammad Bin Tughlaq

85
Q

In 1327, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq made extensive preparations for the

A

transfer of the royal household, and the Ulema and Sufis from Delhi to Devagiri which was renamed as Daulatabad

86
Q

Muhammad Bin Tughlaq issued copper coins at par with the value of

A

silver tanka coins

87
Q

Tughlaq increased the land revenue on the

A

farmers of Ganga-Yamuna Doab

88
Q

The rebellion of Ahsan Shah resulted in the establishment of

A

Madurai Sultanate

89
Q

when was Vijayanagar kingdom was founded?

A

In 1336

89
Q

When was Bahmani Kingdom established?

A

In 1347

90
Q

In Gujarat, Taghi rose in revolt against

A

Sultan

91
Q

Sultan spent

A

nearly three years chasing Taghi.

92
Q

When did Muhammad Bin Tughlaq died?

A

In 1351

93
Q

Firoz Shah Tughlaq appointment Khan-i-Jahan Maqbul,

A

a Telugu Brahmin convert as Wazir (Prime Minister)

94
Q

About How many new towns were built during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughlaq?

A

About 30

95
Q

The famous among new towns were

A

Firozabad near Red Fort in Delhi

96
Q

What is Firozabad now called?

A

Firoz Shah Kotla

97
Q

Firoz patronized scholars like

A

Barani and Afif

98
Q

Who founded Sayyid dynasty in 1414?

A

Timur

99
Q

Before departure from India in 1399, Timur appointed

A

Khizr Khan as governor of Multan.

100
Q

When did Timur captured Delhi?

A

In 1414

101
Q

When did Muhammad Shah died?

A

In 1445

102
Q

Who succeeded Muhammad Shah?

A

His son, Alam Shah (1445-51), the weakest of Sayyid princes.

103
Q

The Lodis (1451-1526) who succeeded Sayyids, were

A

Afghans

104
Q

First Afghan ruler was

A

Bahlol Lodi

105
Q

Bahlol Lodi was the first Afghan ruler while his predecessors were

A

all Turks

106
Q

when did Bahlol Lodi died and who succeeded him?

A

In 1489 and succeeded by his son, Sikandar Lodi.

107
Q

Sikandar Lodi was the greatest

A

of the three Lodi sovereigns. (1489-1517)

108
Q

What did Sikandar Lodi do to Hindus?

A

He destroyed many Hindu temples and imposed many restrictions on Hindus

109
Q

Who succeeded Sikander Lodi?

A

His elder son, Ibrahim Lodi, who was arrogant ruler.

110
Q

Who marched against Delhi and defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat (1526)?

A

Babur

111
Q

When did the first battle of Panipat happened?

A

1526

112
Q

For how many years the Afghan Kingdom lasted?

A

For only 75 years

113
Q

What did the Turks introduce?

A

Arches, dome, lofty towers or minarets and decorations using Arabic script

114
Q

How was the Quwwat-Ul-Islam Mosque near Qutub Minar in Delhi was built?

A

It was built by using the material obtained from destroying many Hindu and Jain temples

115
Q

Who created Kotla Fort at Delhi?

A

Firoz Tughlaq

116
Q

Give an example of the architecture of the Lodis.

A

Lodi garden in Delhi

117
Q

Amir Khusrau introduced many new ragas such as

A

Ghora and Sanam

118
Q

Aamir Khusrau evolved on new style of light music known as

A

Qawwali

119
Q

How is Qawwali made?

A

by blending the Hindu and Iranian music

120
Q

Amir Khusrau is credited for the invention of

A

Tabla and Sitar

121
Q

Where is the origin of Sufism?

A

In Persia

122
Q

when did Sufism spread into India?

A

11th century

123
Q

Names of some Sufi saints

A
  1. Shaikh Ismail of Lahore (First Sufi saint)
  2. Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti (Ajmer)
124
Q

Under whom influence Bahauddin Zakariya came?

A

Another famous mystic, Shihabuddin Suhrawardi

125
Q

What did Sufis believe?

A

They believed that service to humanity was tantamount to service to God

126
Q

The Sufis lay stress on

A

Inner purity

127
Q

who gave a new orientation to Hinduism in 9th century?

A

Shankaracharya

128
Q

Where was Shankaracharya born?

A

in Kaladi in Kerala

129
Q

Shankaracharya’s doctrine of Advaita or Monism was

A

too abstract to appeal to common man

130
Q

What do we call God without attributes and God with attributes?

A

Nirguna Brahman (Advaita concept) And Saguna Brahman

131
Q

When and where was Ramanuja born?

A

12th century and Sriperumbudur near modern Chennai

132
Q

Ramanuja preached

A

Visishtadvaita

133
Q

In the 13th century Madhav from Kannada region propagated

A

Dvaita or Dualism or Jivatma and Paramatma

134
Q

Who were the preachers of Vaishnavite Bhakti in modern Telangana region?

A

Nimbarka and Vallabhacharya

135
Q

Who was the disciple of Vallabhacharya?

A

Surdas

136
Q

What did Surdas popularize?

A

Krishna cult in North India

137
Q

Who was great devotee of Krishna?

A

Mirabai

138
Q

Introduce Mirabai

A

Great devotee of Krishna and became popular in Rajasthan for her bhajans

139
Q

Tulsidas was worshiper of

A

Rama

140
Q

What did the Tulsidas compose?

A

Tulsidas composed the famous Ramcharitmanas, the Hindi version of Ramayana

141
Q

In the 14th and 15th centuries, Ramananda, Kabir and Nanak remained great apostles of

A

Bhakti Cult

142
Q

Where was Ramananda born?

A

At Allahabad

143
Q

Originally Ramananda was a follower of

A

Ramanuja

144
Q

Ramananda later founded his own sect and preached his principles in Hindi at

A

Banaras and Agra

145
Q

Where was Kabir born?

A

Near Banaras

146
Q

Kabir’s object was to

A

reconcile Hindus and Muslims and establish harmony between the two religions

147
Q

What do we call the followers of Kabir?

A

Kabirpanthis

148
Q

Who was the founder of Sikh religion?

A

Guru Nanak

149
Q

Where was Guru Nanak born?

A

In Talwandi near Lahore

150
Q

Who was Chaitanya?

A

A well-known saint and reformer of Bengal who popularized the Krishna cult.

151
Q

Who was the founder of Bhakti movement in Maharashtra in 13th century?

A

Jnanadeva

152
Q

Jnanadeva wrote a commentary on Bhagavad Gita called

A

Dnyaneshwari

153
Q

What did Namadeva preached?

A

Gospel of love

154
Q

What did Nama Deva opposed?

A

He opposed idol worship and priestly domination

155
Q

Who opposed cast distinction and was sympathetic towards the lower class?

A

Ekanath

156
Q

Who is Tukaram and what was he responsible for?

A

Tukaram is a contemporary of King Shivaji and was responsible for creating a background for Maratha nationalism

157
Q

which dynasties ruled Vijayanagar from AD 1336 to 1672?

A

Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva and Aravidu

158
Q

Some Indigenous literature of this period?

Vijaynagar

A

Krishnadevaraya’s Amuktamalyada, Gangadevi’s Madhuravijayam, and Allasani Peddanna’s Manucharitam

159
Q

The greatest ruler of Sangama dynasty was

A

Deva Raya II

after his death the Sangama dynasty became weak

160
Q

Who founded Saluva dynasty?

A

Saluva Narasimha

161
Q

For how long did the Saluva dynasty reigned?

A

for a short period, 1486-1509.

162
Q

Who founded Tuluva dynasty?

A

Vira Narasimha

163
Q

Who is the greatest of Vijayanagar rulers?

A

Krishnadevaraya from Tuluva dynasty

164
Q

What were the Eight eminent scholars known as?

A

Ashtadiggajas

165
Q

Who were Ashtadiggajas?

A

Ashtadiggajas is the collective title given to the eight great Telugu scholars and poets in the court of Emperor Krishnadevaraya

166
Q

Who were the greatest within Ashtadiggajas?

A

Allasani Peddanna also called Andharakavita Pitamaga.

167
Q

The important work of Allasani includes

A

Manucharitam and Harikathasaram

168
Q

Other important scholars of the court of Krishnadevaraya?

A

Pingali Suranna and Tenali Ramakrishna

169
Q

Krishna Deva Raya authored a Telugu work which is

A

Amuktamalyada

170
Q

Krishna Deva Raya also authored Sanskrit works which are

A

Jambavati Kalyanam and Ushaparinayam

171
Q

Krishna Deva Raya also built

A

the famous Vittala swami and Hazara Ramaswamy and a large number of Rajagopuram.

172
Q

Krishnadevaraya built the new city,

A

Nagalapuram in memory of his queen, Nagaladevi

173
Q

The most imp. temples of Vijayanagar styles were found in the

A

Hampi ruins

174
Q

Best example of Vijayanagar style

A

Vittalaswamy and Hazara Ramaswamy

175
Q

which temples stand as example for the magnificence of the Vijayanagar style of the temple artitechture?

A

Varadharaja and Ekambaranatha temples at Kanchipuram

176
Q

Aravidu dynasty is the

A

fourth and the last Hindu dynasty of Vijayanagar Empire in South India

177
Q

Founder of Aravidu

A

Tirumala Deva Raya

178
Q

Who is Rama Raya?sa

A

Brother of Tirumala Deva Raya and the masterful regent of the last ruler of the previous dynasty.

179
Q

The founder of the Bahami Kingdom was

A

Alauddin Bahman Shah

180
Q

Alauddin Bahman Shah is also known as

A

Hasan Gangu

181
Q

When was the Bahmani Kingdom established?

A

in 1347

182
Q

Capital of Bahmani Kingdom

A

Gulbarga

183
Q

Who shifted the capital?

A

Ahmed Wali Shah shifted to capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.

184
Q

The power of Bahmani kingdom reached its peak under the rule of

A

Muhammad Shah III

185
Q

The success of Muhammad Shah was due to the advice and services of his minister

A

Mahmud Gawan

186
Q

Who is Mahmud Gawan?

A

A Persian merchant who possessed a great knowledge of mathematics, by endowments-built college in Bidar in Persian style of architecture, also a military genius.

187
Q

Conquest of Mahmud Gawan include

A

Konkan, Goa and Krishnadasa-Godavari delta

188
Q

By the year 1527, the Bahmani kingdom had disintegrated into five independent sultanates which were-

A

Ahmednagar, Bijapur, Berar, Golkonda and Bidar also known as Deccan Sultanates

189
Q

Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire in India?

A

Babur

190
Q

Who is the father of Babur?

A

Umar Shaikh Mirza

191
Q

Babur succeeded his father Umar Shaikh Mirza as the ruler of

A

Farghana

192
Q

The five prominent Muslim rulers–

A

the sultans of Delhi, Gujarat, Malwa, Bengal and Deccan

193
Q

The two prominent Hindu rulers on the eve of Babur’s invasion of India–

A

Rana Sanga of Mewar and Vijayanagar Empire

194
Q

What did Babur proclaim himself as

A

Emperor of Hindustan

195
Q

What title did Babur assumed?

A

the title of ghazi

196
Q

When and involved whom in the battle of Khanwa (near agra)?

A

Rana Sanga of Mewar marched against Babur and in 1527 Babur won a decisive victory over him.

197
Q

Babur was a great scholar in?

A

Arabic and Persian languages

198
Q

the memoir of babur

A

Tuzuk-i-Baburi in turkish language

199
Q

The eldest son of babur

A

humayun

200
Q

details of the battle of chausa

A

humayun marched against sher shah (battle held in 1539) sher shah destroyed the mughal army and humayun escaped from there.

201
Q

why did humayun reached agra?

A

to negotiate with his elder brother

202
Q

did humayun got the support of his elder brother?

A

no, they were not cooperative, humayun was forced to fight with sher shah alone in the battle of Bilgram

203
Q

when the battle of Bilgram was fought and it’s also known as?

A

in 1540, also known as the battle of Kannauj. and humayun was thoroughly defeated by sher shah

204
Q

Who is the founder of sur dynasty

A

sher shah

205
Q

sher shah’s empire consisted of ?

A

the whole north India except Assam, Nepal, Kashmir and Gujarat.

206
Q

what did sher shah built?

A

a new city on the banks of river Yamuna near Delhi, also built a mausoleum at Sasaram, which is considered as one of the masterpieces of Indian architecture

207
Q

Who wrote the famous Hindi work Padmavat during the reign of Sher Shah

A

Malik Muhammad Jayasi

208
Q

when did Humayun defeated Afghans and recovered Mughal throne?

A

In 1555

General Knowledge (5 decks)

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