Modern History

Question 1

rebellions in East: ?

Answer 1

1. revolts in Bihar and Odisha
2. JH’s revolts
3. WB’s revolts
4. Chhatisgarh: Bastar revolt
5. NE

Question 2

Rebellions in East: Bihar and odisha?

Answer 2

1. Paika rebellion
2. Kandh
3. Kharwars
4. Bhuyan and Juangs

Question 3

paika rebellion?

Answer 3

1. Khurda, Odisha
2. 1817
3. Paikas- a militia class under the zamindars. Recruited since the 16th century by kings in Odisha from a variety of social groups to render martial services in return for rent-free land (nish-kar jagirs) and titles.
4. when British occupied Odisha
5. How the rebellion began:
   
   • When armies of the East India Company overran most of Odisha in 1803, the Raja of Khurda lost his primacy and the power and prestige of the Paikas went on a decline. So, they rebelled back.
   • The British were not comfortable with these aggressive, warlike new subjects and set up a commission under Walter Ewer to look into the issue.
   • The commission recommended that the hereditary rent-free lands granted to the Paikas be taken over by the British administration and this recommendation was zealously adhered to. They revolted against the British.
   • rebellion also had several other underlying causes – like the rise in the price of salt, abolition of the cowrie currency for payment of taxes and an overtly extortionist land revenue policy.
6. led by raja of Khurda and later Baxi Jagbandhu
7. supressed by force

The trigger for the revolt came as some 400 Kondhs descended from the Ghumusar area to rise against the British. Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bharamarbar Rai, the highest-ranking military general of the banished Khurda king, led an army of Paikas to join the uprising of the Kondhs.

• The Paikas set fire to government buildings in Banapur, killed policemen and looted the treasury and the British salt agent’s ship docked on the Chilika. They then proceeded to Khurda and killed several British officials.*
• Over the next few months, the Paikas fought bloody battles at several places, but the colonial army gradually crushed the revolt.*
• Bakshi Jagabandhu escaped to the jungles, and stayed out of reach of the British until 1825, when he finally surrendered under negotiated terms.*

Question 4

Rebellions in east: Jharkhand?

Answer 4

1. Ho
2. Kol
3. Santhal (also in WB)
4. Munda
5. Tana Bhagat
6. Adivasi Mahasabha
7. Oraon

Question 5

Rebellions in East: WB?

Answer 5

1. Sanyasi
2. Chuar
3. Pagalpanthi
4. Faraizi

Question 6

Sanyasi revolt?

Answer 6

1. massive famines of 1770 + economic hardships
2. restrictions imposed on visits to holy places
3. Focal point: Rangpur to Dhaka
4. Leader: Manju Shah Fakir
5. raids on company factories and treasuries
6. contained only after prolonged military action

Question 7

Kandh uprising?

Answer 7

1. covered: Ghumsar, china-ki-medi, Kalahandi (all in odisha) and Patna
2. 1837-56
3. under Chakra bishnoi
4. against British efforts to end Kandh’s practice of human sacrifice (mariah) thru force
5. fought with tangis- battle axe, bows, arrows and even swords

Question 8

Kharwars rebellion?

Answer 8

1. in 1870s
2. in Bihar
3. against revenue settlement activities

Question 9

Bhuyan and Juangs?

Answer 9

1. by Bhuan, Juangs and Kals
2. Odisha- Keonjhar
3. 1860s and later in 1890s
4. led by Ratna Nayak and dhami dhar Nayak
5. against installation of a British stooge on the throne after their raja’s death

Question 10

Ho rising?

Answer 10

1. by Ho and munda tribesmen of chhotanagpur
2. 1820 and later in 1830s
3. led by raja Parahat

Question 11

Kol uprising?

Answer 11

1. Ranchi, singhbhum, Palamau
2. 1831
3. led by Buddho Bhagat, Joa Bhagat and Madara Mahato
4. cause: large scale transfer of Kol land to outsiders
5. violent in nature. The tribals fought with traditional weapons taking the battle to colonial forces who finally overpowered them with modern weaponry.
6. The Kols were joined by other tribes like the Hos, Mundas and Oraons.

Question 12

Santhal rising?

Answer 12

1. Rajmahal hills
2. cause: oppression by landlords, moneylenders and outsiders
3. undr Sido an Kanhu
4. asserted themselves independent in 1854
5. separate district of Santhal parganas created to pacify them

Question 13

Munda uprising?

Answer 13

1. Chhotanagpur
2. fr three decades, along with Ho tribals, revolted against newly introduced farming revenue policy and destruction of their common land-holding system (called Khuntkatti system) by jagirdars and money-lenders
3. in 1890s, led by Birsa Munda, a politico-religious rebellion: ‘ulgulan’ with an aim to establish a Munda rule by killing jagirdars and rajas and hakims.
4. Birsa Munda captured in 1900

Question 14

Tana Bhagat movements?

Answer 14

1. among Mundas and Oraon tribes
2. led by Jatra and Balram Bhagat
3. 1914-19
4. against interference by outsiders
5. began as Sanskritisation movement

Question 15

Adivasi Mahasabha?

Answer 15

uprisings by JH tribals in Chhotanagpur region frm 1920 onwards led to formation of Adivasi Mahasabha in 1937 which was replaced by regional jharkhand party in 1949

Question 16

Chuar uprising?

Answer 16

1. Chuar aboriginal tribesmen of Midnapore district
2. 1766-72; 1795-1816
3. causes:
   
   1. famine
   2. enhanced land revenue
   3. economic distress

Question 17

Pagalpanthis?

Answer 17

1. a semi-religious sect founded by Karam Shah; activist flavour added by his son, Tipu
2. 1820s-1830s-1840s
3. politico-religious nature
4. took up interests of tenanats against zamindars
5. activities extended upto garo hills
6. suppressed brutally by British

Question 18

Faraizi revolt?

Answer 18

1. followers of a muslim sect founded by Haji Shariat Allah of faridpur
2. his son, Dadu Mian organised followers to expel british frm Bengal
3. als supported cause of tenants against zamindars
4. 1838-57
5. advocated radical religious, social and political changes
6. most of followers later joined Wahabi movement

Question 19

Rebellions in NE?

Answer 19

1. Ahoms’ revolt in Assam
2. Singhpos’ rebellion in Assam
3. Kachanagas revolt in Assam
4. Khasis’ revolt
5. Kukis’ revolt in Manipur
6. Zeliangsong movement in Manipur
7. Naga movemet in Manipur
8. Heraka cult in manipur
9. Reangs’ revolt in tripura

Question 20

ahoms’ revolt?

Answer 20

1. British hade pledged to withdraw after First Burma war frm assam; instead they tried to incorporate Ahom’s territories
2. rebellion in 1828 under Gomdhar Konwar
3. Company adopted a conciliatiry approach: handed Upper Assam to Maharaj Purandar SIngh and other part was restored to Assamese king

Question 21

Khasi uprising?

Answer 21

1. EIC wanted to build a road linking BM valley to Sylhet and thus brought large no. of outsiders like Englishmen, bengalis
2. revolt by Khasis, Garos, Khamptis and Singhpos under Tirtha Singh to drive these outsiders
3. suppressed by British army by 1833

Question 22

Singhpos’rebellion?

Answer 22

1. 1830s
2. assam
3. led to murder of British political agent by singhpos

Question 23

Kukis’ revolt?

Answer 23

1. Manipur
2. 1917-19
3. against British policies of recruiting labor during 1st WW

Question 24

Reangs’ revolt?

Answer 24

1. 1942-43
2. in tripura
3. led by Ratnamani

Question 25

Zeliangsong movement?

Answer 25

1. 1920s
2. manipur
3. against failure of British to protect them during Kuki rebellion
4. led by Zemi and Rongmei tribes

Question 26

Naga movement?

Answer 26

1. manipur
2. 1905-31
3. led by jadonang
4. to set up a Naga raj

Question 27

heraka cult?

Answer 27

1. Manipur
2. 1930s
3. led by Gaidinliu

Question 28

Kachanagas revolt?

Answer 28

1. in 1882
2. in Cacher, Assam
3. led by Sambhudan
4. crushed brutally

Question 29

Tribal revolts against British rule: intro?

Answer 29

Under the British Rajthere were close to 40 major tribal rebellions across the country with the first one being in 1774-79, when the Halba tribe rebelled against the Company rule in Dongar in Bastar, Chhattisgarh.