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Ancient temp Flashcards

1
Q

<p>Buddhism: Buddha: family?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>son of Suddhodhana and Mahamaya. Suddhodhana was the elected chief of the Sakya clan (Kapilavastu). Due to this, Buddha was also known as ‘Sakyamuni’. Mahamaya was a princess of Kosalan dynasty</li>
<li>His mother died either giving birth to him or after seven days. Siddhartha was brought up by his maternal aunt, Prajapati Gautami. This gave him the name ‘Gautama’.</li>
<li>Alara Kama his teacher of meditation; charioteer named Channa; Horse's name Kanthaks; when left his home, he also sought teachings ofUdraka Ramaputra who taught him meditative absorption leading to "the state of neither perception nor non-perception"</li>
<li>He was married to Yashodhara and had a son, Rahula.</li>
</ol>

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2
Q

<p>Buddhism: Buddha: lifehistory?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>born as Prince Siddhartha at <strong>Lumbini near Kapilavastu (in present Nepal)</strong> in <strong>563BC</strong></li>
<li>left his home at the <strong>age of 29</strong> to become an ascetic. This event is called <strong>Mahabhishkramana</strong></li>
<li>idea of renunciation occurred to the Buddha after he saw four different states of man – sick man, old man, corpse and ascetic</li>
<li>wandered for seven years and at the age of 35 attained enlightenment at Uruvela while meditating under a banyan tree on the banks of the river Niranjana. This tree came to be known as ‘Bodhi tree’ and the place became Bodh Gaya (in Bihar).</li>
<li>gave his first sermon at Sarnath near Varanasi. This event is called Dharmachakra Pravartana/ Dhammachakkappavattana meaning‘Turning of the Wheel of Law’.</li>
<li>died in 483 BC under a Sal tree in Kushinagar (in UP). This event is called the Mahaparinirvana.</li>
</ol>

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3
Q

<p>contemporaries of buddha?</p>

A

<p>Mahavira Jaina, Kings Prasenjit, Bimbisara and Ajatasatru.</p>

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4
Q

<p>teachings of Buddha?</p>

A

<ul>
<li>four noble truths (Arya Satya) in Buddhism</li>
<li>Ashtangirka Marga</li>
<li>tri Ratnas</li>
<li>also laid down a code of conduct fr his followers</li>
<li>avoid excessof luxury as well as hardship; prescribed the middle path</li>
<li>doesn't recognize God or soul</li>
<li>Stressed on karma and ahimsa</li>
<li>against the varna system -> gained popularity among lower castes
<ul>
<li>hwevr supported the social order based on classes i.e nt based on birth bt on action</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>believed in law of Karma</li>
</ul>

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5
Q

<p>Four noble truths of Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>The world is full of sorrow.</li>
<li>Desire is the root cause of all sorrow.</li>
<li>Sorrow can be conquered by conquering desire.</li>
<li>Desire can be conquered by following the eight-fold paths (Ashtangirka Marga).</li>
</ol>

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6
Q

<p>Ashtangika Marg?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Right understanding</li>
<li>Right resolve</li>
<li>Right speech</li>
<li>Right action</li>
<li>Right living</li>
<li>Right efforts</li>
<li>Right thought</li>
<li>Right self-concentration.</li>
</ol>

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7
Q

<p>tri Ratnas of Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Buddha: the highest spiritual potential in everyone.</li>
<li>Dhamma: the teachings of Buddha (Pali for Sanskrit Dharma or righteousness)</li>
<li>Sangha: order of monks who follow Buddhism.</li>
</ol>

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8
Q

<p>Buddha also laid down a code of conduct fr his followers, elaborate.</p>

A

<ol>
<li>do not covet property of others</li>
<li>donot commit violence</li>
<li>do not use intoxicants</li>
<li>do not tell a lie</li>
<li>do not indulge in corrupt practices</li>
</ol>

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9
Q

<p>Bodhisattva?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>literally, one who essence is enlightenment</li>
<li>term refers to gautam Buddha, before his enlightenment; also refers to other individuals destined to become Buddha</li>
<li>Theoretically, anyone can become bodhisattva</li>
<li>Bodhisattvas delay their own nirvana to help others</li>
<li>MUST be a male</li>
<li>may live life of a HHer and need nt be a monk</li>
<li>sub-category of celestial Bodhisattvas</li>
</ol>

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10
Q

<p>celestial Bodhisattvas?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>manifestation of eternal buddhas</li>
<li>Foremost among them are Avalokitesvara</li>
<li>In Tibet, Avalokitesvara, Manjusri and Vajrapani frm popular trinity of worshipped bodhisattvas</li>
<li>In china,
<ol>
<li>Manjusri: represents Wisdom</li>
<li>Ksitigarbh: saviour of dead</li>
<li>Samantabhadra: happiness</li>
<li>Kuan-yin: Chinese name frAvalokitesvara</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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11
Q

<p>Schism in Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Hinayana</li>
<li>mahayana</li>
<li>Vajrayana</li>
</ol>

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12
Q

<p>Hinayana Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>believed in original teachings of Buddha</li>
<li>sought individual salvation thru self-meditation and discipline</li>
<li>didn't believe in idol worship</li>
<li>a 'religion without God'; Karma is the God here</li>
<li>Nirvana is regarded as extinction of all</li>
<li>oldest schoolof Hinayan: Sthavirvada (Theravada in Pali) or 'Doctrine of elders'</li>
<li>pali, language of masses used (as did Buddha)</li>
<li>patronised by asoka</li>
</ol>

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13
Q

<p>Mahayana BUddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>often Asang is attributed as founder of Mahayana school</li>
<li>believed in divinity of Buddha</li>
<li>sought salvation thru grace and help of Buddha and Bodhisattvas</li>
<li>believed in idol worship</li>
<li>Nirvana isn't a negative cessation of misery bt a =ve state of bliss</li>
<li>used Sanskrit, language of scholars</li>
<li>patronised by Kanishka and later by Harsha</li>
</ol>

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14
Q

<p>Vajrayana Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>salvation cud be attained thru magical power, which they called vajra</li>
<li>chief divinities: taras</li>
<li>becam epopular in eastern india in 8th cent AD, particularly bengal and Bihar</li>
<li>mission sent by great Vajrayana monastery of Vikramshila to Tibet led to its popularity in Tibet in 11th cent AD</li>
<li>influenced by many tantric sects</li>
<li>during waning of Buddhism frm India, large no of Vajrayan Buddhism followers amalgamated into Hinduism, giving a tantric undercurrent to Hinduism, in eastren India particularly.</li>
</ol>

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15
Q

<p>Buddhist scriptures?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Tripittakas aka canonical texts (Canonical texts are those that are linked to Gautama Buddha in one way or another)
<ol>
<li>Vinaya Pitaka</li>
<li>Sutta Pitaka</li>
<li>Abhidhamma Pitaka</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Khandakhas</li>
<li>among non-canonical literature, Milindapanho, Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa; latter two great chronicles of Ceylon</li>
</ol>

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16
Q

<p>Vinaya Pittaka?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>deals with rules and regulations prescribed by Buddha</li>
<li>describes in detail, evolution of Sangha</li>
<li>acct of life and teaching ofBuddha</li>
<li>acct of monastic codes and conducts</li>
</ol>

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17
Q

<p>Sutta Pittaka?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>consists cheifly of discourses delivered by Buddha himself on different occasions</li>
<li>few discourses delivered by Sariputta, Ananda, Moggalana and others also incl</li>
</ol>

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18
Q

<p>Abhidhamma Pitaka?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>contains philosophy of Buddha's teachings</li>
<li>investigates mind and matter</li>
<li>contains religious discussions and debates Buddha had with his followers</li>
</ol>

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19
Q

<p>Khandhakas?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>contain regulations on life in monastic order</li>
<li>two sections
<ol>
<li>mahavagga</li>
<li>cullavagga</li>
<li>third part also, Parivara, bt nt so significant</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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20
Q

<p>Buddhist Council: hw many?</p>

A

<p>4</p>

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21
Q

<p>1stBuddhist Council?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>at Satparni caves, Rajgriha</li>
<li>483 BC,just after Buddha’s demise</li>
<li>presided by MahaKassapa</li>
<li>patron: king ajatshatruof Haryanka dynasty</li>
<li>Main objective was to preserve the Buddha’s teachings</li>
<li>At this council, Ananda composed the Suttapitaka (Buddha’s Teachings)</li>
<li>Mahakassapa composed and Upali recitedthe Vinaypitaka (monastic code)</li>
</ol>

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22
Q

<p>Second Buddhist council?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>held at Vaishali.</li>
<li>held in 383 BC, i.e., hundred years after the Buddha’s death</li>
<li>Sabakami presided over</li>
<li>patronage of King Kalasoka of Sisunaga dynasty.</li>
<li>Main objective was to discuss ten disputed points under the Vinaypitaka.</li>
<li>first major split happened here – two groups that would later evolve into Theravada and Mahayana. The first group was called <strong>Theravadins orSthaviravadins</strong>(meaning Elder in Pali). They wanted to preserve the teachings of Buddha in the original spirit. The other group called <strong>Mahasanghika </strong>(Great Community) interpreted the Buddha’s teachings more liberally.</li>
</ol>

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23
Q

<p>3rdBuddhist council?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>at Pataliputra</li>
<li>held in 250 BC</li>
<li>presided over by Mogaliputta Tissa</li>
<li>patronage of Emperor Ashoka of Maurya dynasty;Buddhism preached by Emperor Ashoka was Hinayana</li>
<li>Main objective was to purify Buddhism from opportunistic factions and corruption in the Sangha</li>
<li>Abhidhamma Pitaka was codified here making the almost completion of the modern Pali Tipitaka.</li>
<li>estab of Sthavirvada school as an orthodox school</li>
<li>
<p>Buddhist missionaries were sent to other countries.</p>

<p></p>
</li>
</ol>

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24
Q

<p>4thBuddhist council?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>at Kundalvana in Kashmir.</li>
<li>1st century AD</li>
<li>Vasumitra and Ashvaghosha presided over this council</li>
<li>under the patronage of King Kanishka of Kushan dynasty</li>
<li>All deliberations were conducted in Sanskrit.</li>
<li>Here, Abhidhamma texts were translated from Prakrit to Sanskrit.</li>
<li>This council resulted in the division of Buddhism into two sects namely, Mahayana (the Greater Vehicle) and Hinayana (the Lesser Vehicle).</li>
</ol>

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25
Q

<p>Dhammapada?</p>

A

<p>a part of the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka. It contains a collection of the sayings of the Buddha in verse form.</p>

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26
Q

<p>Milinda Panha?</p>

A

<p>Literal meaning in Pali – Questions of Milinda. It was written around 100 BC. It contains a dialogue between the Indo-Greek King Menander I or Milinda of Bactria and sage Nagasena where Milinda asks questions on Buddhism to the sage.</p>

27
Q

<p>Buddhacharita?</p>

A

<p>it is an epic poem composed in Sanskrit by Ashvaghosha in early 2nd century AD. It is about the life of the Buddha.</p>

28
Q

<p>Important Buddhist writers?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Asvaghosha: contemp of Kanishka; was a poet, dramatist, musician and scholar;believed to have been the first Sanskrit dramatist, and is considered the greatest Indian poet prior to Kalidasa</li>
<li>Nagarjuna: friend of Satavahan king Yajnasri gautamiputra of andhra. Propounded the madhyamika school of Buddhist philosophy, popularly knwn as <strong>Shunyavada</strong></li>
<li>Aryadeva was a discipleof Nagarjuna and author of several important <strong>Mahayana Madhyamaka Buddhis</strong>t texts. He is also known as <strong>Kanadeva</strong>, the <strong>15th patriarch in Chan Buddhism</strong>, and as <strong>Bodhisattva Deva</strong>" in Sri Lanka.</li>
<li>Asanga and Vasubandhu: brothers flourished in PJ region in 4th cent AD; Asanga was mst imp teacher of Yogachara or Vijnanavada school, Vasubandhu wrote Abhidharmakosa, an encyclopedia of Buddhism</li>
<li>Buddhaghosha: 5th cent AD; great Pali scholar; Vissudhimaga imp post-tripitaka literature</li>
<li>Dinnaga: 5th cent AD; well known founder of Buddhis logic</li>
<li>Dharmakriti: 7th cent AD; Buddhist logician</li>
</ol>

29
Q

<p>Factors respnsible for Spread of Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>use of Pali</li>
<li>Buddha also organized sangha with doors open to everybody, incl women</li>
<li>asked people nt to accumulate wealth and asked fr removal of poverty frm world</li>
<li>also was aware of social realities
<ol>
<li>rule that debtors weren'tallowed to be members of Sangha, helped moneylenders and richer sections of society</li>
<li>rule that slaves cud nt sangha helped slave owners</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>allowed HHers; propounded middle path</li>
<li>Initial Sanghas were democratic and disciplined organisations.</li>
<li>embrace by kings like Bimbisara, Ajatasatru, Ashoka, Kanisha and Harshavardhana.</li>
<li>promoted education through residential universities like Valabhi, Nalanda and Vikramshila</li>
</ol>

30
Q

<p>contri of Buddhism?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>doctrine of Ahimsa</li>
<li>laid foundation of image worship: Mahayana</li>
<li>art and archi : stupas, stone pillars etc.</li>
<li>enriched Pali language</li>
<li>resident universities
<ol>
<li>nalanda and Vikramshila in Bihar</li>
<li>Vallabhi in GJ</li>
<li>Taxila in NW region</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>missionaries to world around</li>
</ol>

31
Q

<p>decline of Buddhism in india?</p>

A

<p>practically became extinct by 12th cent AD</p>

32
Q

<p>Who is supposed to be the future Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism?</p>

<p>A) Kakusandha </p>

<p>B) Amitabha</p>

<p>C) Maitreya</p>

<p>D) Kanak Muni</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Maitreya is a transcendent Bodhisattva named as the universal Buddha of a future time in Mahayana Buddhism.</li>
<li>Kakusandha Buddha (Pali), known as Krakucchanda in Sanskrit, and Khoivadjig in Tibetan, is one of the ancient Buddhas</li>
<li>Amitabha also Amida or Amitayus, is a celestial Buddha according to the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism.</li>
<li>Kanak Muni Buddha was believed as previous of Gautama Buddha.</li>
</ul>

33
Q

<p>Which of the following is not a text of Buddhism?</p>

<p>A) Jatakas </p>

<p>B) Acharanga Sutra</p>

<p>C) Digh Nikaya</p>

<p>D) Sumangalavilasini</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Acharanga Sutra is not a text of Buddhism. It is first of the twelve Angas, part of the angas which were compiled based on the teachings of Mahavira</li>
<li>Jatakasare an important part of Buddhist art and literature. They describe the previous existences or births of the Buddha (the Enlightened One) when he appeared as Bodhisattvas (beings who are yet to attain enlightenment or moksha), in both human and non-human forms.</li>
<li>Digha Nikaya is a Buddhist scripture, the first of the five nikayas, or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka</li>
<li>Sumangala-vilasiniBuddhaghosa's commentary on the Digha-nikaya</li>
</ul>

34
Q

<p>Where was the order of nuns established by Gautama Buddha?</p>

<p>A) Kapilvastu </p>

<p>B) Vaishali</p>

<p>C) Rajgriha</p>

<p>D) Sravasti</p>

A

<p>The order of Buddhist monks and nuns was founded by Gautama Buddha during his lifetime over 2500 years ago. Buddha instituted a community of nuns in Vaishali at the request of his aunt Mahaprajapati.</p>

35
Q

<p>The earliest epigraphic evidence mentioning the birth place of Sakyamuni Buddha is obtained from</p>

<p>A) Samath </p>

<p>B) Sravasti</p>

<p>C) Kausambi</p>

<p>D) Rummindei</p>

A

<p><strong>Rummindei Pillar</strong> Inscription says that The Beloved of the Gods, <strong>the king Piyadassi</strong>, when he had been consecrated twenty years, came in person find referenced the place where Buddha Sakyamuni was born.</p>

<p>He caused a <strong>stone enclosure to be made and a stone pillar</strong> to be erected. As the Lord was born here in the village of Lumbini, he has exempted it from tax, and fixed its contribution [i.e. of grain] at one- eighth.</p>

36
Q

<p>What is Kalyan Mitra in Buddhist philosophy?</p>

A

<p>Astangika Marg is Kalyan Mitra in Buddhist philosophy</p>

37
Q

<p>To whom of his following disciples did Buddha preach his last sermon</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Buddha's last ordained disciple was a very old Brahmin in the name of <strong>Subhadra</strong> who came to pay his last respects to him and asked for ordination. Immediately after ordination, Subhadra attained enlightenment and passed away.</li>
<li><strong>Ananda, first cousin of the Buddha</strong> and one of Mst Principal disciples, known a<strong>s his "beloved disciple</strong>" and devoted companion.</li>
<li>Sariputta or Sariputra was <strong>one of two chief, male disciples</strong> of Gautama Buddha <strong>along withMoggallana</strong></li>
<li><strong>Bhikkhunis Khema and Uppalavanna</strong>, his two chief female disciples.</li>
<li><strong>Upali</strong> was a monk, <strong>one of the ten chief disciples of the Buddha</strong>. Before joining the order, he was part of the Royal barber caste and worked as a barber.</li>
</ol>

38
Q

<p>Main element (features) of Buddhist philosophy is</p>

<p>A) Pratitya Samutpad </p>

<p>B) Jivaand Ajiva</p>

<p>C) Syadvada</p>

<p>D) Triratna</p>

A

<ul>
<li>Pratitya Samutpad is the main element of Buddhist philosophy. It refers to one of the central concepts in the Buddhist tradition that <strong>all things arise in dependence upon multiple causes and conditions</strong>.</li>
<li>Jiva and Ajiva: Jainism believes that the whole universe can be divided into two categories, viz. Jiva, i.e., soul and Ajiva, i.e. non-soul. These two" Jiva and Ajiva-exhaust between them all that exists in the universe</li>
<li>Syadvada: jain philosophhy</li>
</ul>

<p></p>

39
Q

<p>Yapaniya was a school of</p>

<p>A) Buddhism </p>

<p>B) Janism</p>

<p>C) Shaivism</p>

<p>D) Vaisnavism</p>

A

<p>Yapaniya was a school of Jainism. The saints of the Yapaniya School practised nudity like the Digambaras and believed in the liberation of women in conformity with the Svetambaras.</p>

<p>refer Flashcard #16</p>

40
Q

<p>Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana in the republic of</p>

<p>A) Mallas</p>

<p>B) Lichhavis</p>

<p>C) Shakyas</p>

<p>D) Palas</p>

A

<p>Lord Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana at Kushinagar, the mortal remains of Tathagat were kept in the 'parliament house', of the Republic of Mallas.</p>

41
Q

<p>The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by</p>

<p>A) Mahayana Buddhism</p>

<p>B) Hinayana Buddhism</p>

<p>C) Jainism</p>

<p>D) The Lokayata School</p>

A

<p>In Jainism, Ahmsa is the standard by which all actions are judged. For a householder observing the small vows (anuvrata), the practice of ahinsa requires that one should not kill any animal life.</p>

42
Q

<p>In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara was also known as</p>

<p>A) Vajrapani </p>

<p>B) Manjusri</p>

<p>C) Padmapani</p>

<p>D) Maitreya</p>

A

<p>Avalokitesvara is one of the most widely revered Bodhisattvas in mainstream Mahayana Buddhism, as well as unofficially in Theravada Buddhism. In Sanskrit, Avalokitesvara is also referred to as Padmapani (Holder of the Lotus) or Lokesvara (Lord of the World).</p>

43
Q

<p>The Stupa site not connected with any incident of Buddha's life is</p>

<p>A) Samath</p>

<p>B) Sanchi</p>

<p>C) Kushinagar</p>

<p>D) Bodhgaya</p>

A

<p>Sanchi, buddha never visited Sanchi</p>

44
Q

<p>Lingayat Movement?</p>

<p></p>

A

<ol>
<li>The Lingayat Community was founded by Basava in the 12th century AD.</li>
<li>TheLingayats are Virashaivites Saivite.</li>
<li>The philosophy of the Lingayatas was influenced by the teachings of both Shankarachary and Ramanuja.</li>
<li>This sect was characterised by an anti-Brahmanical spirit.</li>
</ol>

45
Q

<p>Lakulisha?</p>

A

<p>Lakulisha was a prominent Shaivite revivalist, reformist and preceptor of the doctrine of the Pashupatas, one of the oldest sects of Shaivism. According to some scholars, Lakulisha is the founder of the Pashupata sect.</p>

46
Q

<p>Matsyendranath?</p>

A

<p>He is traditionally considered the founder of Hatha yoga as well as author of some of its earliest texts. He is also seen as the founder of the Hatha sampradaya, having received the teachings from Shiva. He is especially associated with Kaula Shaivism.</p>

47
Q

<p>Who was the founder of Sunyavada?</p>

<p>A) Asang </p>

<p>B) Basubandhu</p>

<p>C) Vasumitra</p>

<p>D) Nagarjuna</p>

A

<ol>
<li>Sunyavada was founded by an Indian Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna (150 - 250 CE) and based on the Prajnaparamita Sutras, expounding the philosophy of emptiness, voidness (Sunyata), which later also influenced Ch'an in China and Zen in Japan.</li>
<li>Vasubandhu was a very influential Buddhist monk and scholar from Gandhara. Vasubandhu was a philosopher who wrote on the Abhidharma from the perspectives of the Sarvastivada and Sautrantika schools.</li>
<li>Vasumita; The monk who led the Fourth Buddha Council in Kashmir around the second century and helped compile The Great Commentary on the Abhidharma.</li>
</ol>

48
Q

<p>Who was the founder of Vigyanvada or Yogachar?</p>

<p>A) Ashvaghosh </p>

<p>B) Nagasen</p>

<p>C) Maitreyanath</p>

<p>D) Aiyadeva</p>

A

<p>Maitreyanatha (270-3 50 CE) is one of the three founders of the Vigyanvada or Yogachar school of Buddhist philosophy, along with Asanga and Vaspbandhu</p>

49
Q

<p>Who was the founder of Aajivak Sampradaya?</p>

<p>A) Puran Kasyapa</p>

<p>B) Makkali Gosala</p>

<p>C) Aryadeva</p>

<p>D) Ajit Keskamblin</p>

A

<ul>
<li><strong>Ajivika, an ascetic sect</strong> that emerged in India about the <strong>same time as Buddhism and Jainism </strong>and that lasted until the 14th century. It was founded by Goshala Maskariputra (also called <strong>Gosala Makkhaliputta)</strong>.</li>
<li>Purana Kassapa was an <strong>Indian ascetic teacher </strong>who lived around the 5th or 4th century BCE, <strong>contemporaneous</strong> with Mahavira and the Buddha.</li>
<li>Ajita Kesakambali was an ancient Indian philosopher in the 6th century BC. He is considered to be the <strong>first known proponent of Indian materialism</strong>. He was probably a <strong>contemporary</strong> of the Buddha and Mahavira.</li>
</ul>

50
Q

<p>Buddha is depicted on the coins of</p>

<p>A) Wima Kadphises </p>

<p>B) Kanishka</p>

<p>C) Nahapana</p>

<p>D) Budhgupta</p>

A

<p>Kanishka's coins portray images of Indian, Greek, Iranian and even Sumero-Elamite divinities, demonstrating the religious syncretism in his beliefs. The Buddhist coins of Kanishka are comparatively rare. Several coins show Kanishka on the obverse and the Buddha standing on the reverse, in Hellenistic style.</p>

51
Q

<p>symbols associated in Buddhism with</p>

<ol>
<li>birth of Buddha?</li>
<li>Parinirvana?</li>
</ol>

A

<ol>
<li>Lotus and Bull</li>
<li>stupa</li>
</ol>

52
Q

<p>Early Buddhist texts speak of six foremost opponents of Lord Buddha who were?</p>

A

<p>The 6 materialistic sects of 6th cent</p>

<p>1. Ajit KesaKambalin Believed in materialism/ annihlationalism: no life after death</p>

<p>2. Makkhali Gosal Founder of Ajivaka sect</p>

<p>3. Purana Kassap Amoralism</p>

<p>4. Pakudha Katyayan Believed in Eternalism</p>

<p>5. Sanjay belathputta Believed in materialism synicism or agnosticism</p>

<p>6. Niggantha Nathputta He was Bhagvan Mahavir</p>

<p></p>

<p>ALso was there Lokayat, bt nt mentioned by Buddhist sects. Founded by Charvaka; didn't believe in any supernatural thing like soul or god; focus on pleasure in actual life.</p>

53
Q

<h1>Arrange in a chronological sequence the following Varsavasas of Gautam Buddha during the first decade of Ills enlightenment?</h1>

<p>1. Kausambi 2. Rajagriha 3. Risipattana 4. Vaishali</p>

A

<p>3-2-4-1</p>

<p>Varsavasas is annual three month retreat byTheravadas. Usually in wet months</p>

<p>Risipattna is another name of Sarnath</p>

<p></p>

54
Q

<h1>Consider the following statements:</h1>

		Assertion (A): Gautam Buddha spent the maximum number of rainy seasons of Sravasti
	
	
		Reason (R): Prasenjit, the ruler of Kosala and Gautam Buddha were of the same age.
A

<p>Both True, bt R doesn't explain A</p>

<p>It is believed that Buddha spent 25 rainy seasons in Sravasti of which 19 he spent in the Jetavana Monastery and six in the Pubbarama monastery. It is also the place where he gave the maximum number of discourses and instructions.</p>

<p>Prasenjit, the Kosala king, was the contemporary of Gautama Buddha.</p>

55
Q

<p>Who among the following scholars established Vajrayana sect of Buddhism in Tibet?</p>

<p>A) Shanta Rakshita </p>

<p>B) Padma Sambhava </p>

<p>C) Dharm Raksha</p>

<p>D) Kumarajiva</p>

A

<p>In 747, the Indian master Padma Sambhava travelled from Afghanistan to bring Vajrayana Buddhism to Tibet and Bhutan at the request of the king of Tibet.</p>

56
Q

<p>Which of the following is not a Buddhist writing?</p>

<p>A) Baveru Jataka </p>

<p>B) Dasarath Jataka</p>

<p>C) Sibi Jataka</p>

<p>D) Yavana Jataka</p>

A

<p>Yavanajataka is not a Buddhist writing. Sage Yavana, who belonged to the Alexander period, wrote Yavanajataka. He was an astrologer in the Greek court in India.</p>

57
Q

<p>The story of the transformation of a dancing girl into a Buddhist nun is narrated in</p>

<p>A) Silappadikaram </p>

<p>B) Tolkappiyam</p>

<p>C) Paripadal</p>

<p>D) Manimeklialai</p>

A

<p>Manimekhalai is a second-century Tamil verse epic reflects the ancient culture of India in the story of a beautiful young dancer who abandons her future as a courtesan in order to dedicate her life to the pursuit of Buddliism. She became a Buddhist nun or Bhikshuni and practiced to rid herself from the bondage of birth and death and attain Nirvana.</p>

58
Q

<p>In Buddhism, what does Patimokkha stand for?</p>

A

<p>The rules of the Sangha</p>

59
Q

<p>What was the Kutagarashala literally, a hut with a pointed roof?</p>

A

<p>It isa place where intellectual debates among Buddhist mendicants took place</p>

<p>Kutagarasala Vihara is the monastery where Buddha most frequently stayed while visiting Vaishali. It is located 3 kilometres from the relic Stupa.</p>

60
Q

<p>Which one of the following Buddhist's texts speaks of the "Sixteen Mahajanapadas"? [UP-PCS 2008]</p>

<p>A) Angauttara nikaya </p>

<p>B) Majjhim Nikaya</p>

<p>C) Khuddaka Nikaya</p>

<p>D) Digha Nikaya</p>

A

<p>A</p>

61
Q

<p>The entry of woman as a bhikshuni into the Buddhist sangha was allowed by Gautam Buddha at [UP-PCS 2010]</p>

<p>A) Sravasti</p>

<p>B) Vaishali</p>

<p>C) Rajagriha</p>

<p>D) Kushinagar</p>

A

<p>The entry of woman as a Bhikshuni into the Buddhist Sangha was allowed by the Buddha for the first time in vaishali. The first woman who got entry into the Sangha was the <strong>Prajapati Gautami</strong> the step mother of Buddha.</p>

62
Q

<p>Which of the following sacred Buddhist place was situated on the river Niranjana? (UP-PCS 2012]</p>

<p>A) Bodh Gaya </p>

<p>B) Kusmagara</p>

<p>C) Lumbim</p>

<p>D) Rishipattana</p>

A

<p>Bodhgaya</p>

63
Q

<p>Ajivikas?</p>

A

<ol>
<li>ascetic sect, contemporary with Buddhism and jainism</li>
<li>founded by Gosala Makkhhali, early friend of Mahavir</li>
<li>highlights:
<ol>
<li>professed total determinism in transmigration of soul or rebirths i.e. cosmic force called niyati decided man's fate to the last detail</li>
<li>man cud nt do anything fr his rebirth</li>
<li>went abt naked</li>
<li>strictness in their rules wrt means of livelihood</li>
<li>Asoka's father Bimbisara was a follower and major patron</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>Sometimes classified among 6 materialistic schools of 6th cent bt in essence nt completely so, coz they did believe in transmigration of souls while the materialistic schools rejected all immaterial categories completely.</li>
</ol>

Temps (10 decks)

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