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Modern Global Studies (MID TERM REVIEW)) Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Cold War begin?

A

The cold war began when the United States and the Soviet Union ran into conflict of interest because they supported different ideologies (Democracy vs Communism)

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2
Q

Truman response to the Cold War.

A

Implemented the containment idea, aimed towards stopping the spread of communist power. (Marshal Plan, Truman Doctrine, and the establishment of NATO).

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3
Q

Eisenhower’s Response to the Cold War

A

Continued the idea of containment but adapted to more cautious approaches like the Eisenhower Doctrine (providing military budget, and promoting nuclear deterrence and massive retaliation).

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4
Q

How did the Cold War impact life in the United States?

A

The US government feared communist influence, so this resulted in the red scare or the Mccarthy tactic where they accused people of associating with communist parties they were blacklisted, and faced accusations that were not always true.

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5
Q

Short term effects the Cold War had on Latin America

A

The soviets sought more countries that share the same ideologies as them (wanting to spread communism) The US intervening this making plans, doctrines etc

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6
Q

Long term effects the Cold War had on Latin America

A

Transition to democracy, and Economic challenges

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7
Q

Marshall Plan

A

Provide aid to those European countries struggling economically after WW2, A step towards containment

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8
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Truman made it a doctrine that the US would provide political, military, and economic assistant to any country resisting communist aggression , Laid the foundations of a broader policy that supported the idea of the US goal for

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9
Q

Brinkmanship

A

Refers to a diplomatic strategy that is used to push dangerous situations or conflicts to the “brink” of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome.(ex: The Cuban Missal Crisis).

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10
Q

Massive Retaliation

A

Using threats like nuclear weapons and bomb. Massive retaliation and Brinkmanship were tactics that were worked together to get the best possible outcome.

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11
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

During the time the Soviets blocked all transportation and resources in Berlin, United States and United Kingdom provided West Berlin with supplies through air (essential supplies, food coal, and medical products.)

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12
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

When the Soviets placed missiles in Cuba in response to the United States placing missiles in Turkey, this conflict almost led to a nuclear war but was alter resolved

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13
Q

Chilean Coup

A

Overthrowing of the Chile president, was scared his weak government was going to fall to the communist party

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14
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Symbolizes on a map the separation between the eastern countries (communist party) and the western countries (democratic)

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15
Q

Covert Operations

A

The CIA were involved in covert operations, which are operations conducted behind government/ or the public (propaganda, protest, etc).

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16
Q

McCarthyism

A

A time in the United States where there were extreme anti- communist sentiments, many people face baseless accusations, were blacklisted from jobs and discriminated against in society.

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17
Q

Containment

A

The counter strategy to stop the spread of communism by the Soviets this would include the Truman Doctrine, Marshal plan, Berlin Airlift, and the Formation of NATO.

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18
Q

NATO

A

An alliance formed during the Cold War to counter attack the soviets threats because roughly after the WW2 some countries experience economic decline therefore making it easier for communist control so the United States created this alliance with the western European countries to fight and stop the spread of communism,

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19
Q

Satellite Nations

A

Refers to the countries that are in the communist party or can into control by the communist.

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20
Q

United Nations

A

Peacekeepers to control conflict and resolve conflict through peaceful means.

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21
Q

Sputnik

A

The first artificial satellite to go into space successfully, played a pivot role between the Soviets and the United States space war. Gave the Soviets an advantage

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22
Q

ICBMs

A

were missiles that were more advanced and quicker than normal nuclear weapons’, capability to strike targets across the globe within a matters of hours.

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23
Q

Warsaw pact

A

the military alliance between the soviets and other communist parties(poland east germany, Hungary,Romania, etc), this was in response to the establishment of NATO

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24
Q

Bay of pigs invasion

A

An unsuccessful attempt by the United States to overthrow the Cuban government

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25
Chinese Nationalists
Led by (Chiang Kai-Shek). Chinese nationalists were initially supported by the united states, However leading up to the Chinese civil war their power weakened against the communists.
26
Chinese Communists
Led by (Mao Zedong) The Chinese communists gained power and emerged victorious after the Chinese civil war and later established the peoples republic in china
27
Mao Zedong
He was the founding father of the peoples republic of china, was leader of the Chinese communist party. was a key figure in the Chinese civil war.
28
Great Leap Forward
a social economic campaign to try and modernizing china, rapidly transforming the country from agrarian to social society. It had great economic and humanitarian consequences.
29
Cultural Revolution
a political movement purposed by Mao Zedong to preserve the communist ideology, and purge other ideologies. resulted in political prosecution
30
38th Parallel
dividing line between North and South Korea established after World War II.
31
Douglas MacArthur
A prominent American military leader who command UN forces during early stages of the Korean war. His approach , advocating for aggressive stance conflicted with U.S policy therefore later was dismissed by President Truman.
32
Korean War
Fought between North Korea(Supported by china and the Soviet Union) and South Korea(Supported by the UN coalition and the United States. Resulted in the Korean peninsula to remain divided along the 38th parallel.
33
Nativism
Favoring "native-born" individuals. people who favored Americans over Immigrants, (opposing immigrants)
34
Fundamentalism
Growth in religious fundamentalism, like in the Scopes trial there were clashes between fundamentalism of religion and the teaching of evolution in schools.
35
Isolationism
After World War I there was a strong desire among Americans to avoid international entanglements, which contributed to the U.S senate rejecting the alliance with the League of Nations.
36
The Scopes Trial
Legal battle between the teaching of evolution in school vs what is taught in the bible (ties in with. fundamentalism of religion) Symbolizes the tension between science and traditional religious beliefs.
37
Tulsa Race Massacre
Racial tension escalated in Tulsa Oklahoma resulting in destruction of the African American Community. this incident highlighted racial inequality and violence of the country.
38
Consumer Economy
Increase in production, the availability of installment plans, allowing people to buy goods on credit.
39
Ku Klux Klan
The kkk resurfaced in the 1920s targeting not only African Americans, but also immigrants, jews, Catholics
40
A Republican Decade
Refers to the 1920s being a period of Republican political dominance in the United States, with three consecutive Republican presidents (Harding, Coolidge, Hoover) during the decade.
41
Eugenics
The pseudoscientific belief in improving the human race through selective breeding. In the 1920s, eugenics gained popularity, leading to policies such as forced sterilizations and immigration restrictions.
42
Installment Plan
A method of purchasing where buyers make payments over time. The installment plan contributed to increased consumer spending on goods like automobiles and appliances during the economic boom of the 1920s.
43
Red Scare
A Red Scare is a form of public hysteria provoked by fear (many were fakely accused of associating with communist ideals and some were backlisted)
44
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants and anarchists convicted of murder in a controversial trial in the 1920s. highlighted issues of immigration, nativism, and anti-radical sentiment.
45
Organized Crime
The 1920s saw a rise in organized crime, especially due to the prohibition of alcohol. Criminal gangs engaged in illegal activities such as bootlegging and racketeering.
46
Harlem Renaissance
A boom of african american culture, jazz, arts, and literature this was a result of the Great Migration
47
Economic Danger Signs of the 1920s
Warning signs of economic instability, including overproduction, unequal wealth distribution, and excessive speculation, which contributed to the Great Depression in the 1930s.
48
Culture of the 1920s
Characterized by social changes, including the embrace of jazz music, flapper fashion, and new attitudes towards gender roles. It was a period of cultural modernization.
49
Speculation
The practice of investing for quick profits, particularly associated with the stock market boom of the 1920s. Speculation contributed to the economic challenges that followed in the 1930s.
50
Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the Southern U.S. to urban areas in the North, impacting demographics and contributing to the Harlem Renaissance.
51
Women in the 1920s:
The "Roaring Twenties" saw the emergence of the "New Woman" challenging traditional gender roles. The 19th Amendment in 1920 granted women the right to vote.
52
Prohibition (18th Amendment)
The constitutional ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. Prohibition led to the rise of illegal alcohol production and the speakeasy culture.
53
19th Amendment
Ratified in 1920, granting women the right to vote. It marked a significant milestone in the women's suffrage movement, reflecting changing social attitudes.
53
Dow Jones Industrial Average
A stock market, that experienced significant crash during the Great Depression, particularly on Black Tuesday, contributing to the economic downturn.
54
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929, the day when the U.S. stock market, especially the Dow Jones, experienced a severe crash, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.
54
Great Depression
A severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s, characterized by widespread unemployment, poverty, and a decline in industrial production.
55
Hoovervilles
Makeshift shantytowns during the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover, where unemployed and homeless people lived in poverty.
56
Rugged Individualism
The belief in individual self-reliance and minimal government intervention, often associated with Herbert Hoover.
57
Dust Bowl
A severe environmental disaster in the 1930s, involving severe dust storms and soil erosion in the Great Plains, increasingthe economic challenges of the Great Depression. The Dust Bowl added to the agricultural crisis and hardships faced by farmers during the Great Depression.
58
Herbert Hoover
Hoover's presidency is associated with the initial response to the economic crisis, marked by a reliance on voluntarism and limited government intervention.
59
Bonus Army
A group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932, demanding the early payment of a bonus promised to them.
60
FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
The 32nd President of the United States (1933-1945), known for implementing the New Deal to address the economic challenges of the Great Depression.
61
New Deal
A set of programs and policies introduced by FDR to address the economic challenges of the Great Depression, including relief, recovery, and reform measures.
62
Social Security
A federal program established as part of the New Deal, providing financial assistance to retirees and disabled individuals.
63
Court Packing
FDR's proposal to expand the number of Supreme Court justices to secure favorable rulings on New Deal legislation.
64
Public Works Administration (PWA)
responsible for large-scale works projects to help economic recovery and provide employment.
65
Deficit Spending
Deficit spending was a key element of the New Deal, with the government investing in various programs to boost the economy.
66
Appeasement
the policy of submitting to demands to avoid conflict and keep the peace, this allowed hitler to expand germanys territory
67
Nazism
the ideology associated with Hitler. a form of fascist leadership
68
Fascism
total leadership to one person.
69
Holocaust
The systematic genocide perpetrated by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the mass murder of six million Jews and millions of others.
70
D-Day
Took place on Omaha beach, launching massive attacks in the beach of normandy, the goal was to free western Europe from Nazi power.
71
Japanese Incarceration
Japanese americans and immigrants were moved out of their homes into camps that were under surveillance 24/7
72
Pearl Harbor
The surprise attack by the Japanese on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. resulted in the United States entering WW2
73
Lend-Lease Act
A U.S. program providing military aid to Allied nations during World War II to support their war effort.
74
Nuremberg Trials
Military tribunals held after World War II to prosecute leaders of Nazi Germany for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
75
Island Hopping
A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific, involving capturing strategic islands for military base and better opportunities to invade
76
Manhattan Project
The U.S. research and development project during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
77
Rationing
The controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services during times of shortage, implemented during World War II.
78
Allies Powers
(U.S, U.K, Soviet Union, China, France)opposing the Axis powers
79
Axis Powers
(Germany, Italy, Japan)
80
Winston Churchill
Leader of the United Kingdom worked closely with Joseph stalin and FDR
81
Joseph Stalin
The leader of the Soviet Union.
82
Double V Campaign
Social movement, the double v stands for victory over fascism abroad
83
War production Board
coordinated the entire economy in the homefront during ww2
84
Harry Truman
Took presidency after FDR's death initiated the nuclear bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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