Modern Building Systems Flashcards
What is NID?
Network Interface Device.
Point at which the service provider terminates
What is a LAN?
Local Area Network.
Where the cabling radiates from the point of demarcation through a series of connection points and equipment
What are the three categories of telecommunication?
Voice - phone, modem, fax
Data - Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), computers
Video - Cable TV (CATV), Closed Circuit TV (CCTV), Interactive video
What is physical topology?
The physical way that the cabling is setup in a network
What is logical topology?
The method of communication used by the network
What are the three basic topologies?
Star, Bus, Ring
What is a star topology?
-Central hub with all other network devices connected to that point.
-The hub/switch is at the physical, as well as logical centre of network.
-Devices connected each have their own dedicated line
What is a bus topology?
Freeway with difference access points, one length of cable connects all the network devices
What is a ring topology?
Connects all network devices in a circle. Each device has two connects, one from a device and one to a device (like series)
A structured cabling system has most or all of these components
Entrance facilities, equipment rooms, vertical and horizontal pathways and backbone cables, telecommunications closets, cross-connect facilities, horizontal pathways and cables, work area outlets
What are entrance facilities?
The connection point between the outside services and the onsite cabling.
What are equipment rooms?
Normally serves an entire building, specially built to house large telecommunications equipment in an environmentally controlled space.
Can also be called the main closet
What is the function of the equipment room?
-Terminate and cross connect backbone and horizontal cables.
-Provide work space for service personnel
-Serve as part of the entrance facility or telecommunications closet
-Storehouse for large pieces of equipment
What is vertical and horizontal cables?
Backbone of a structured cabling system. Provides interconnections between entrance facilities, equipment rooms, and telecom. closets
What are the main components of the backbone?
cable pathways, cabling, connecting hardware, misc support facilities like fire stopping and grounding
What are telecommunication closets?
Rooms that serve floors rather than entire buildings
What are the functions of the telecom closets?
-Point of term for horizontal and backbone cables
-Contain horizontal cross-connects
-Contain intermediate cross-connect points for different parts of backbone cabling system
-Provide controlled environment for telecom equipment and connecting hardware
What are cross-connects?
Connect horizontal and backbone cable. Used to attach multipart equipment connections to horizontal or backbone cabling
What are the three types of cross-connects?
Horizontal, Intermediate, and Main
What are the two types of physical cross-connections?
Copper jumpers, patch cords
What are horizontal pathways and cables?
Cable run from the work area to the telecom closet. Runs horizontally in floors or ceilings, routed to the horizontal cross connect in the telecom closet.
What is the max length for horizontal UTP cabling in horizontal cabling?
90m/295ft
What is the max length for cross connect jumpers and patch cords?
6m/20ft
What is the total length for patch cords and cross connect jumpers allowed in a horizontal channel?
10m/33ft
What is the purpose of codes and standards?
-Prevention of fire and shock hazards
-Protection of life, health, and property
-Proper maintenance and operation
What is the main standard used in the telecom industry?
ANSI/EIA/TIA 568-B
What is the most current Canadian standard that refers to ANSI/EIA/TIA?
T529-95
What does ANSI stand for?
American National Standards Institute
What does EIA stand for?
Electronic Industries Association
What does TCS stand for?
Telecommunications Cabling Standard
What does UTP stand for?
Unshielded twisted pair
What does ScTP stand for?
Screened twisted pair
What does STP stand for?
Shielded twisted pair
What are the three basic types of LAN cables?
Twisted pair, coax, fibre optic
What is the UTP and ScTP impedance?
100 ohms
What is the recommended conductor size of UTP and ScTP?
22-24AWG
What is the max length of a STP cable?
100m/330ft
What is the speed throughout STP?
10-100Mbps (mega bits per second)
What is the max length for RG-59?
61m/200ft
What is the max length for RG-6?
152m/500ft
What is the difference between RG-59 and RG-6?
RG-6 has an additional shielding layer, allowing longer runs to be pulled.
What are the three standards that apply to flammability ratings?
CSA standard 22.2, BC Building code, Vancouver City building code
What is an RCDD?
Registered Communications Distribution Designer. Designs the telecommunications portion of prints and drawings
What is div 16 of prints and drawings?
Electrical. All interior and exterior electrical work
What is div 16-700 of prints and drawings?
Communications. All communications work
What is div 17 of prints and drawings?
Specialty. Includes all communications unless div 16 is used
What do specifications entail?
approved manufacturers, equipment, cable types, cable supports, cross connects, work station outlets
Which components need a fixed mounting location?
Cabling components
Which components needs power, ventilation, and connections to their station links?
User equipment
What is the max about of cables allowed in a backbone or horizontal bundle?
15-20, to minimize crosstalk
What are dedicated routes?
Home runs are grouped in a common pathway to prevent damage to cables during or after installation
What is raceway primary distribution?
Cable runs to the telecom closet are installed in a raceway
What is zone distribution system?
Floor area is divided into telecom zones. Cabling to each zone is grouped and run to a midpoint of the zone. From that point cables are extended to work area locations
When should conduit be used?
When required by code, if outlet locations are permanent, cable security is required, when device densities are low, if flexibility is not required
What is the most inflexible conduit system?
In-floor buried in concrete
What is the max length of a single section of conduit?
30m/100ft between pull points
What is the max allowable bends in a single section of conduit?
Two 90 degree bends or equivalent between two pull points
What is the minimum headroom above cable tray?
300mm/12inch
What is the max fill ratio of cable tray?
Must not exceed 50% fill
What is the minimum clear vertical space available to run cables through ceiling pathways?
3 inches
What is the max allowable force for Cat5 cable pulls?
25 lb.ft/110N
What is IDC?
insulation displacement connection. Termination cuts away a small piece of insulation, making an electrical connection with the inside wire
What is the max allowable untwisting of a Cat5 and Cat5e?
1/2”
What is the max allowable untwisting of a Cat6?
1/4”
Where should telecom systems be grounded?
The building ground electrode system, or accessible electrical service ground
What does the attenuation test measure?
the signal loss from one end of the link to the other, measured in decibels, the lower the number the better
What is crosstalk?
unplanned transfer of information from one circuit to another circuit. Can occur between pairs that are close together or adjacent cables.
What is EL-FEXT?
Equal level, far end crosstalk. Measure of amount of crosstalk at the far end of the signal path, with signal levels of equal level being transmitted
What is ACR?
attenuation to crosstalk ratio. Measurement of how much more signal than noise exists in the link.
What is propagation delay?
The amount of time required for the signal to travel form one end of transmission path to the other
What is delay skew?
The max difference of propagation time in all pairs of a cable. Measures propagation delay on the fastest and slowest pairs in a UTP cable.
What is power sum?
Used for four pair cables, it is a calculation not a measurement. Sum of pair to pair crosstalk from three pairs to one pair.
Larger number (less crosstalk) is better than smaller number (more crosstalk)
What are the two types of test configurations?
Basic link (permanent link), and channel.
What is the basic link test?
Uses a tester, with a patch cord plugged into the tester and then directly into the work area
What is a channel test?
Uses a series of patch cords between patch panels and jacks and switches to measure the entire series
What is high attenuation?
Loss in power of a transmitted signal as it travels along a cable. Caused by:
- high temp
- wrong grade or category of cable
- cable is too long
- incorrect equipment patch cable
- improper terminations
What is NEXT?
Excessive near end crosstalk. Caused by:
- wrong grade of cable
- improper termination
- split pairs
- incorrect or substandard components
- incorrect or defective cables and test adapaters
What are the four basic components in a fibre optic circuit?
Transmitter, fibre optic cable, optical connectors, and receiver
What is the transmitter in a fibre optic circuit?
converts an electrical signal into a light signal. Has an optical source and a drive circuit. Drive circuit converts the input signal to the transmitter.
What is the difference between fibre optic and regular copper wire?
Fibre optic carries light instead of electricity
What are the four layers of a fibre optic cable?
Core, cladding, buffer, jacket.
Core - Glass or plastic, carries the signal
Cladding - Glad or plastic with lower index of refraction than core (reflective cover)
Buffer - Protective/primary coating, protects fibre from damage and moisture
Jacket - Jacketing holding fibre optic cable
What type of light does fibre optic use?
Infrared, not visible to the human eye, about 800-1500nm
What are some advantages of fibre optics?
Wide bandwidth and multiplexing, low loss (attenuation is flat), Electromagnetic immunity, light weight, small size (about nine times smaller than coax), safety and electrical isolation
What is deterrence?
The presence of a system to deter prospective criminals
What is prevention?
Physically limits the criminal. ex) a fence
What is detection?
Motion detectors, door contacts etc
What is response?
Police or private guards
What is apprehension?
Responding authorities apprehend the criminal
What are the three layers of onion skin protection?
Permitter protection, space protection, spot protection
What is perimeter protection?
Also called point of entry protection. Devices designed to protect the outer perimeter of building or installation. ex) door contact that reacts when door opens
What is space protection?
Also called volumetric protection. Designed to detect presence of a person within a volumetric area. ex) motion detector
What is a pro and con of space protection?
Pros: covers large areas, is cost effective
Cons: Does not allow people to stay inside the protected area, once an intruder is detected by motion that means they are already in.
What is spot protection?
also called object or trap protection. Designed to protect a specific object or area. Installed around a specific item like a piece of art or a cash box.
What are the three main alarm system circuits?
Detection, control, output
What is the most common type of circuit used in residential alarm equipment?
Closed-loop
What is open-circuit supervision?
Found in closed-loop systems. When there are no alarms current is flowing through a closed loop, when there is an intrusion and the circuit opens there is no longer current flowing which is detected as an open-circuit
Which closed-loop circuit provides only partial supervision?
Two wire
What is the typical value of an EOL resistor?
2.2kohm
What is ULC?
Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
What is the most secure closed-loop circuit?
the four-wire ULC.
What is the most common type of magnetic contact used?
Reed-type
What are the current limitations of a reed-type contact?
Can only handle low currents, of about 250mA or less. Higher currents will melt or weld the contacts together
What is the most common type of motion detection?
PIR - Passive Infrared Detector
What is a PE?
Pyroelectric element. The heart of a PIR, semi-conductor device which undergoes a change in resistance when exposed to infrared energy.
What are the pros of PIRs?
self adjusting, easy install, do not emit harmful radiation, very versatile by simply changing the sense or mirror, locations of detection fingers are easily located in a protected area
Where should PIR fingers not be terminated on?
Heaters, blowers, ducts, glass or reflective surfaces, direct sunlight exposed areas, sources of white light like headlights
Are ultrasonic and microwave sensors active or passive?
Active
Are PIR sensors active or passive?
Passive
What is the doppler shift?
change in frequency of a wave that occurs where there is relative movement between the source and the observer
Which devices use the doppler shift?
Ultrasonic and microwave sensors
What is demarcation point?
The end of the service providers cabling. Aka NID network interface device
What are the two types of protocol?
Ethernet, token ring.
What is characteristic impedance?
Not a measure of resistance. Largely determined by insulation capacitance. Length does not affect impedance.
What is the impedance of most coax?
75 or 50 ohms
What is protocol?
Set of rules that governs the communication between computers on a network
What is the mbps protocol for Ethernet?
10
What is the mbps protocol for fast Ethernet?
100
What is the mbps protocol for gigabit Ethernet
1000
What rating is FT-1?
After one minute the cable produces smoke and flame. Not plenum rated. Must be enclosed in non combustible raceway or in slab
What rating is FT-4?
Not rated for plenum
What rating is FT-6?
Approved for plenums. The best for fire rating.
What does EEPROM stand for?
Electrically erasable programmable read only memory
In a nurse call station what is central equipment?
The brain of the system, similar to FA panel. Houses all programming and circuit boards.
What is patient station?
Wall mounted devices places behind patient beds, activated by a call cord usually. Call assurance light is activated.
What is code blue?
Immediate help required (cardiac arrest)
What are toilet and shower stations?
Located in washrooms with pull cords, higher priority than bedside but lower priority than code blue
What is a dome light?
Corridor lamps. Located outside of a room to indicate which room needs assistance. Multi coloured.
What does a flashing red or blue light at 60ppm mean?
High priority, code blue, audible at 60ppm
What does a flashing white light at 30ppm mean?
Medium priority, toilet or shower assist
What does a steady white light mean?
Patient station call (bedside), audible at only 6ppm with an intermittent tone every ten seconds
What are the visual and audible indications of a code blue?
Flashing red or blue light at 60, audible at 60
What are the visual and audible indications of a toilet call?
Flashing white light at 30, audible at 30
What are the visual and audible indications of a patient station call?
Steady white light, 6ppm with tone every ten seconds
What is a node?
Where horizontal wiring connects to a wall plate
What does IP stand for?
Internet protocol
Cat 5e has what rate of transfer?
1000mbps
What is the data transfer rate of cat 6?
10 Gbps
