Modern (1900-Present) Flashcards
What is a hereditary disease?
This is a condition that is passed down from the parents of a child.
Who discovered DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What lifestyle choices did the government advise people to avoid?
Smoking, illegal drugs, eating a bad diet, unprotected sex.
What new technologies were invented to diagnose disease in the modern era?
MRI scans, X-rays, CT scans, blood tests.
What were magic bullets?
Chemical treatments that attacked the infection but not the body
What sexually transmitted disease did a magic bullet cure
Syphilis
What improved prevention of disease in the modern era?
Compulsory vaccinations, government acts (e.g. Clean Air Act), government campaigns (e.g. ‘Quit Smoking’)
Who was Alexander Fleming and what did he discover?
He discovered penicillin (the first antibiotic).
Who were Florey and Chain and how did they develop Fleming’s work?
They were the first people to test on humans.
How did individuals (e.g. Florey) help with the development of penicillin?
Fleming discovered it and Florey and Chain were the first people to test on humans.
How did technology and science help with the development of penicillin?
Scientists were able to observe how penicillin attacked staphylococcus bacteria and this enabled them to modify it to attack other types of bacteria.
How did WWI/WWII help with the development of penicillin?
There were no treatments for simple infections during WWI. The need to find a solution to this problem became more important during WWII. Because of this, the clinical trials and evidence needed before the treatment was made available to the public was minimal
How did the US government help with the development of penicillin?
The US government agreed to fund Florey’s research for five years. This enabled him to develop methods to mass produce the drug.
How did the government do to attempt to prevent lung cancer?
TV adverts, 1965. No advertising, 2005. 16-18, 2007. Banned indoors, 2007
How was lung cancer diagnosed?
X-Rays, CT Scan, bronchoscopy
What is chemotherapy and what impact would it have on lung cancer?
Shrinks tumor before surgery.
What is radiotherapy and what impact would it have on lung cancer?
Radiation to cure it. Either beams or small piece of radioactive material.
What was STAGE 1 of the development of the National Health Service (NHS)?
The main aim of the NHS was to get enough hospitals around the country so people can access them. GPs were encouraged to work in group practices. This was to help them develop their skills that had fallen behind the technology when the NHS first was set up in the 1950s
What was STAGE 2 of the development of the National Health Service (NHS)?
Hospital treatments developed significantly. New surgical procedures such as hib replacements and blood transfusions became available. The NHS allowed these to develop as they were properly funded.
What did the government pass in 1956 and 1968 and why?
The Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968. This is to prevent awful pollution such as the ‘killer smog’ of 1952, that killed 12,000 people. The smog was caused by coal burning.
