Modern (1900-Present)

Question 1

What is a hereditary disease?

Answer 1

This is a condition that is passed down from the parents of a child.

Question 2

Who discovered DNA?

Answer 2

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 3

What lifestyle choices did the government advise people to avoid?

Answer 3

Smoking, illegal drugs, eating a bad diet, unprotected sex.

Question 4

What new technologies were invented to diagnose disease in the modern era?

Answer 4

MRI scans, X-rays, CT scans, blood tests.

Question 5

What were magic bullets?

Answer 5

Chemical treatments that attacked the infection but not the body

Question 6

What sexually transmitted disease did a magic bullet cure

Answer 6

Syphilis

Question 7

What improved prevention of disease in the modern era?

Answer 7

Compulsory vaccinations, government acts (e.g. Clean Air Act), government campaigns (e.g. ‘Quit Smoking’)

Question 8

Who was Alexander Fleming and what did he discover?

Answer 8

He discovered penicillin (the first antibiotic).

Question 9

Who were Florey and Chain and how did they develop Fleming’s work?

Answer 9

They were the first people to test on humans.

Question 10

How did individuals (e.g. Florey) help with the development of penicillin?

Answer 10

Fleming discovered it and Florey and Chain were the first people to test on humans.

Question 11

How did technology and science help with the development of penicillin?

Answer 11

Scientists were able to observe how penicillin attacked staphylococcus bacteria and this enabled them to modify it to attack other types of bacteria.

Question 12

How did WWI/WWII help with the development of penicillin?

Answer 12

There were no treatments for simple infections during WWI. The need to find a solution to this problem became more important during WWII. Because of this, the clinical trials and evidence needed before the treatment was made available to the public was minimal

Question 13

How did the US government help with the development of penicillin?

Answer 13

The US government agreed to fund Florey’s research for five years. This enabled him to develop methods to mass produce the drug.

Question 14

How did the government do to attempt to prevent lung cancer?

Answer 14

TV adverts, 1965. No advertising, 2005. 16-18, 2007. Banned indoors, 2007

Question 15

How was lung cancer diagnosed?

Answer 15

X-Rays, CT Scan, bronchoscopy

Question 16

What is chemotherapy and what impact would it have on lung cancer?

Answer 16

Shrinks tumor before surgery.

Question 17

What is radiotherapy and what impact would it have on lung cancer?

Answer 17

Radiation to cure it. Either beams or small piece of radioactive material.

Question 18

What was STAGE 1 of the development of the National Health Service (NHS)?

Answer 18

The main aim of the NHS was to get enough hospitals around the country so people can access them. GPs were encouraged to work in group practices. This was to help them develop their skills that had fallen behind the technology when the NHS first was set up in the 1950s

Question 19

What was STAGE 2 of the development of the National Health Service (NHS)?

Answer 19

Hospital treatments developed significantly. New surgical procedures such as hib replacements and blood transfusions became available. The NHS allowed these to develop as they were properly funded.

Question 20

What did the government pass in 1956 and 1968 and why?

Answer 20

The Clean Air Acts of 1956 and 1968. This is to prevent awful pollution such as the ‘killer smog’ of 1952, that killed 12,000 people. The smog was caused by coal burning.