Medieval (1250-1500)

Question 1

Why did people point to God for the causes/treatment/prevention of disease?

Answer 1

There was limited science to answer questions that were unable to be answered. The church held huge amounts of power and influence over the people

Question 2

Which disease was particularly attributed to God?

Answer 2

Leprosy

Question 3

Astrology was another supernatural cause disease. What would astrologers look at after examining the alignment of the stars/planet?

Answer 3

A star chart that contained a list of remedies acording to the alignment of the planet

Question 4

Who came up with the Theory of the Four Humours?

Answer 4

Hippocrates

Question 5

What were the four humours?

Answer 5

Blood, Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm

Question 6

What was the name of the cause of disease that was attributed to ‘bad smells’?

Answer 6

Miasma

Question 7

What is a pomander?

Answer 7

A neckless that contains pleasant smelling herbs, such as lavender, to avoid miasma

Question 8

Describe how urine charts were used.

Answer 8

The colour of urine would be compared to a ‘urine chart’. The Darker the urine, the more unwell the patient was

Question 9

Explain why the church limited the development of medicine during the medieval period.

Answer 9

The Church focused the causes/treatment and prevention of disease on prayer and repenting sin. The church also discouraged any learning other than Galen/Hippocrates as they focused on a ‘creator’.

Question 10

Explain why the technology limited the development of medicine during the medieval period.

Answer 10

Technology was limited during the medieval period and new technology and ideas was expected to fit into the church supported Galen/Hippocrates.

Question 11

Who Came up with the theory of opposites?

Answer 11

Galen

Question 12

Describe the theory of opposites and how it was used for treatment.

Answer 12

The Idea that an imbalance of a humour would be rebalanced by using something that is the opposite of a humour. e.g if someone is cold (containing too much phlegm) should be warmed up by sitting by a fire or eating a hot pepper!

Question 13

What was blood-letting?

Answer 13

Blood-Letting was used to reduce the amount of blood to rebalance the Humours. This was through cutting through a vein or leeches.

Question 14

What was purging and what humour did it aim balance?

Answer 14

Purging was the removal of of yellow bile by making the patient vomit.

Question 15

What was Theriaca?

Answer 15

Theriaca was a common mixture, containing ginger, cardamon, pepper and saffron.

Question 16

What was the regimen sanitatis?

Answer 16

This was a list of hygiene routines to keep clean and avoid disease.

Question 17

Who produced remedies for prevention and treatment?

Answer 17

Apothecaries

Question 18

Who performed surgery and why/

Answer 18

Barbers because they used knives

Question 19

How would people purify the air to prevent miasma?

Answer 19

Use pleasant smelling herbs such as lavender and flowers. A Pomander was a herbs smelling neckless.

Question 20

What was the main function of medieval hospitals?

Answer 20

To Care for the sick and ensure cleanliness rather than actual treatment

Question 21

What % of hospitals were run by church?

Answer 21

30%

Question 22

How many hospitals were there in England by 1500?

Answer 22

1,100

Question 23

Where Did most care take place however?

Answer 23

At home

Question 24

Who mostly took the responsibilities of care in medieval England?

Answer 24

Women

Question 25

What did people believe caused the Black Death?

Answer 25

People believed that miasma and punishment by God primarily caused the black death

Question 26

What were the ideas for treatment?

Answer 26

Praying to God, herbs to address the miasma and remedies sold by apothecaries.

Question 27

What Did the Government do to help with the black death?

Answer 27

40 days quarantine for people entering a new area. Attempt to stop large religious processions (flagellants) as they usually attracted large crowds. Due To The belief in bad air, streets began to be cleared as people though the bad smell was from the rubbish would clear off the bad smell of the plague

Question 28

Who were Flagellants?

Answer 28

People who whipped themselves as a way of preventing the disease from spreading by apologising for their sins - These were called Flagellants