Moderation and simple slopes Flashcards
Define
Moderation
conditions where the effect or relationship of a predictor with the outcome depends upon another variables
Define
Simple slope analysis
the regression of the outcome y on the predictor x at a specific value of the moderator m
Define
Enhancing moderator
Moderators that strengthen the association
Define
Buffering moderator
Moderators that reduce the association
Define
Antagonistic moderator
Moderators that flip the direction of the association
Define
Centering
The process where we take a variable and change its location so that it has a new center
Definition
conditions where the effect or relationship of a predictor with the outcome depends upon another variables
Moderation
Definition
the regression of the outcome y on the predictor x at a specific value of the moderator m
Simple slope analysis
Definition
Moderators that strengthen the association
Enhancing moderator
Definition
Moderators that reduce the association
Buffering moderator
Definition
Moderators that flip the direction of the association
Antagonistic moderator
Definition
The process where we take a variable and change its location so that it has a new center
Centering
What is the difference between a main effect and an interaction?
A main effect is the effect of one factor (IV) on its own.
An interaction examines two or more factors at the same time – that is, their combined effect, which may not be predictable based on the effects of either factor on their own.
What type of moderator is sex in this example?
What is the difference between moderation and interaction?
Moderation and interaction are used interchangeably. Generally, we use interaction for factors in ANOVAs and moderation to describe a second IV in a regression that moderates another IV
In both cases, an interaction between two variables means that the association between one IV and the DV depends on (i.e., is moderated by) the other IV.
What are the three types of moderators?
Enhancing
Buffering
Antagonistic
What is moderation?
Moderation refers to conditions where the effect or relationship of a predictor with the outcome depends upon another variable
Moderation implies that the relationship between two variables is not the same for everyone
In this example what is the moderator?
Stress predicts more negative affect, but responses to stress depend on coping strategies
Coping strategies
How is moderation statistically measured?
Through interactions between two or more variables
What types of variables can interactions be measured for?
In regression, interactions can be between two categorical variables, two continuous variables, or a categorical and a continuous variable
Interactions between more than two variables work similarly, but interpretation becomes more challenging
In regression, interactions are added as additional variables
If the regression equation is: SWLS = b0+ (b1 * Age )+ (b2 * Stress), what would the equation be if an interaction between age and stress was added?
SWLS = b0+ (b1 * Age) + (b2 * Stress) + (b3 * Age_x_Stress)
Rearrange this equation to pull out age
SWLS = b0+ (b1 * Age) + (b2 * Stress) + (b3 * Age_x_Stress)
SWLS = b0+ b1 * Age + b2 * Stress + b3 * (Age * Stress)
SWLS = b0+ b1 * Age + b3 * (Age * Stress) + b2 * Stress
SWLS = b0+ (b1+ b3 * Stress) * Age + b2 * Stress
For the following equation, what happens when stress = 0, 5 and 10?
SWLS = 4 + 1.2 * Age + 2 * Stress + 0.5 * (Age * Stress)
The slope and intercept increases as stress increases
When Stress = 0:
SWLS = 4 + (1.2 + 0.5 * 0) * Age + 2 * 0
SWLS = 4 + 1.2 * Age + 0
SWLS = 4 + 1.2 * Age
When Stress = 5:
SWLS = 4 + (1.2 + 0.5 * 5) * Age + 2 * 5
SWLS = 4 + 3.7 * Age + 10
SWLS = 14 + 3.7 * Age
When Stress = 10
SWLS = 4 + (1.2 + 0.5 * 10) * Age + 2 * 10
SWLS= 4 + 6.2 * Age + 20
SWLS = 24 + 6.2 * Age
What does b3 represent in this equation?
SWLS = b0+ b1 * Age + b2 * Stress + b3 * (Age * Stress)
b3 = estimated difference in b1 slope when Stress changes 1-unit OR difference in b2 slope when Age changes 1-unit
