Indigenous and Qualitative Research

Question 1

Define

Decolonisation

Answer 1

restorative justice through cultural, psychological and economic freedom

Question 2

Define

Indigenous Knowledges

Answer 2

the understandings, skills and philosophies developed by Indigenous people over many generations that informs daily decision-making

Question 3

Define

Cultural interface

Answer 3

an exploration of the intersection of Western knowledge systems and Torres Strait Islander positions and experiences

Question 4

Define

Data sovereignty

Answer 4

the right of Indigenous Peoples to own and manage data that derive from them, that relates to their people, knowledge and territories. This recognises that data is a strategic resource and that Indigenous Peoples should making the decisions around how data relating to them are used

Question 5

Define

Methodology

Answer 5

a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity

Question 6

Define

Research reflexivity

Answer 6

requires Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers to critically self-reflect on who they are, what this brings to the research and how this might impact research in order to prevent further colonising of Indigenous peoples through the research process

Question 7

Definition

restorative justice through cultural, psychological and economic freedom

Answer 7

Decolonisation

Question 8

Definition

the understandings, skills and philosophies developed by Indigenous people over many generations that informs daily decision-making

Answer 8

Indigenous Knowledges

Question 9

Definition

an exploration of the intersection of Western knowledge systems and Torres Strait Islander positions and experiences

Answer 9

Cultural interface

Question 10

Definition

the right of Indigenous Peoples to own and manage data that derive from them, that relates to their people, knowledge and territories. This recognises that data is a strategic resource and that Indigenous Peoples should making the decisions around how data relating to them are used

Answer 10

Data sovereignty

Question 11

Definition

a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity

Answer 11

Methodology

Question 12

Definition

requires Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers to critically self-reflect on who they are, what this brings to the research and how this might impact research in order to prevent further colonising of Indigenous peoples through the research process

Answer 12

Research reflexivity

Question 13

What is Ontology?

Answer 13

the theory of being, how do we understand reality, what do we believe to be real and how do we view the world

Question 14

How do we conceptualise methodology?

Answer 14

Question 15

Match the terms

Answer 15

Question 16

What is Epistemology?

Answer 16

the knowledge we believe to be true and where knowledge comes from

Question 17

What is axiology?

Answer 17

the values that inform how we see the world

Question 18

The Indigenous Standpoint Theory involves the researcher being what?

Answer 18

• Indigenous;
• aware of the limitations of colonial research;
• able to provide benefit to the researchers’ community or the wider Indigenous community and;
• wherever possible prioritising Indigenous languages

Question 19

The Indigenous Standpoint Theory has premise that the researcher has what?

Answer 19

• social position provides an opportunity to ask how they come to know their world;
• agency is framed by the position of the researcher and the limitations and possibilities of what the researcher can know and;
• physical experiences and memory inform and limit the range and diversity of possible responses

Question 20

What is the key to the Indigenous Research Paradigm theory methodology?

Answer 20

• resistance as an emancipatory imperative in research dealing with self-determination and oppression;
• political integrity as the research is conducted by Indigenous peoples into the heart of Indigenous struggles and;
• privileging of Indigenous voices

Question 21

An Indigenous Research Paradigm also recognises that an Indigenous ________(knowing) and _________(being) is based upon relationships and _________-(doing) is based on relational accountability

Answer 21

An Indigenous Research Paradigm also recognises that an Indigenous epistemology (knowing) and ontology (being) is based upon relationships and axiology (doing) is based on relational accountability

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

What is Critical Indigenous Theory?

Answer 23

the intersection between Indigenous ways of knowing being and doing with critical theory as “a diagnostic way of reading and interpreting the colonial logics that underpin cultural, intellectual, and political discourses”

Question 24

How does Critical Indigenous Theory encourages researchers, to confront key challenges connected to the meanings of science, community, and democracy?

Answer 24

1. Be proactive; they should name the world for themselves
2. Craft their own version of science and empirical activity, including how science and scientific understandings will be used in their world
3. Develop a participatory model of democracy
4. Use theory proactively, as an agent of change, but act in ways that are accountable to the Indigenous community and not just the academy
5. Resist new forms of colonization while contesting neocolonial efforts to commodify Indigenous knowledge.

Question 25

What are the three stages of critical Indigenous theory according to Lindberg?

Answer 25

• identification of the traditional Indigenous philosophies and laws
• identification of colonial laws, policies and regulatory schemes impacting Indigenous peoples; and
• identification of the contemporary application and rejuvenation of Indigenous philosophies

Question 26

Answer 26

Question 27

What are the core priniciples that ensure that you are engaging with Indigenous partners in a respectful and responsible manner?

Answer 27

1. Free prior and informed consent
2. Shared control over process and product
3. Acknowledgement and attribution
4. Respect for cultural differences
5. Reciprocity and benefit-sharing

Question 28

What is yarning?

Answer 28

involves a purposeful “sharing of stories”

Question 29

What three connected aspects embody yarning?

Answer 29

voices, experience and knowledge and, relationships

Question 30

What is a social yarn?

Answer 30

This Yarn takes place between the researcher and participant before the research or topic yarn; it is where trust is developed and a relationship built (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010). Social Yarn topics can be diverse and include whatever social information the participant and researcher choose to share in the moment (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010).

Question 31

What is a family yarn?

Answer 31

Family Yarning represents Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ personal connections and relationships in regards to land, spirituality and kinship and is utilised to learn about relationality to one another (Walker et al., 2014). It is often used in combination with the Social Yarn.

Question 32

What is cross-cultural yarning?

Answer 32

Cross-cultural Yarning involves the Aboriginal participant or researcher adjusting their behaviour or practice to operate within Westernized rules and protocols, for example, the researcher explaining the western research process in universities (Walker et al., 2014).

Question 33

What is research topic yarning?

Answer 33

Research Topic Yarning is a Yarn with a purpose (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010). This is used to gather information relating to the research question, sometimes in the form of stories (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010).

Question 34

What is a therapeutic yarn?

Answer 34

A Yarn that involves the participant sharing personal and at times, emotional parts of their story (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010). The researcher’s role during this step changes to supporting the participant to make sense and meaning of their story (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010).

Question 35

What is a collaborative yarn?

Answer 35

The focus for this Yarn is upon research processes (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010). For instance, it can be used to design Yarning topics, identify researcher priorities and projects and to analyse data (Adams & Faulkhead, 2012; Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010; Gibson, Crockett, Dudgeon, Bernoth, & Lincoln, 2018; Reilly & Rees, 2018). When used to analyse data it can provide enhanced opportunities to explore and explain concepts, resulting in new understandings about the research topic (Bessarab & Ng’andu, 2010).

Question 36

Describe the conceptualisation of Yarning methodology

Answer 36

Question 37

What should be considered when reviewing yarning research?

Answer 37

• Uses an Indigenous Research Paradigm and Indigenous Standpoint Theory.
• Includes a declaration of researcher socio-cultural position. Including relationality to the Aboriginal peoples the research is being conducted with and Yarning experience.
• Describes the Yarning types applied in the research and associated methods for these.
• Reports on, at least, the Social, Family and Research Topic Yarn.

Question 38

What is deep listening (Dadirri)?

Answer 38

a non-judgemental watching and listening with research participants and the researcher listening to and observing themselves

Question 39

What do the priniciples of story work include?

Answer 39

• respect
• responsibility
• reverence
• reciprocity
• holism
• interrelatedness
• synergy

Question 40

What is the Indigenous story method?

Answer 40

as sitting and making and remaking emergent meaning of stories as data, slowly over time

Question 41

How is the story method different to the narrative method?

Answer 41

It differs from narrative research method as principles of Story research have been described as nourishing the soul, giving voice, providing embodied relational meaning making, intersecting the past and present as living oral archives; and enacting collective owning and authoring

Question 42

What are the five ways that story research methods have been described as involving?

Answer 42

• Ethics which way, involves the multiple dimensions of researcher positionality.
• Where the stories come from, this way poses thinking about origins of stories
• Listening to the stories, involves the dynamism of simultaneous multiple telling of stories for listening, hearing, remembering and archiving
• Bringing stories to life, this way focuses on creativity to bring stories to life so that they can be felt as a lived experience by audiences
• How stories were gifted, this way means honouring stories and their lessons or knowledge by considering the bond between teller and reader

Question 43

What are the considerations of the story method?

Answer 43

• As a researcher understanding your own experience of story telling is important. For instance, how were stories conveyed to you growing up? Who told them? What were the stories about?
• Is your understanding of story similar or different to the people you wish to work with on research
• Risks of cultural appropriation as when dominant cultures, including institutions, use objects and practices “from another culture without thorough research, and remain ignorant of the cultural context, cultural appropriation takes place” (Han, 2019).

Question 44

What is the Indigenous mapping method?

Answer 44

a way of making sense of the broader world that is inclusive of Indigenous knowledges

Question 45

Which part of Indigenous mapping is qualitative and which is quantitative?

Answer 45

Quantitative = the map

Qualitative = the story of the map

Question 46

What is this?

Answer 46

Indigenous mapping method

Question 47

What is action research?

Answer 47

an approach to research that emphasises action. It seeks to understand the world by trying to change it through cycles of reflection and planning. It emphasises experimentation grounded in experience and social history.

Question 48

What does participatory action research involve? How is it different to action research?

Answer 48

Participatory action research involves collating and reviewing research data in collaboration with participants and working with participants to create solutions based on their interpretation of the data collected and experiences. Whereas action research involves conducting cycles, however, with lesser or no collaboration with participants

Question 49

What needs to be considered when conducting action research?

Answer 49

• Conducting action research or participatory action research takes time time to conduct cycles and allow change to occur
• Extra time is needed, particularly for participatory action research, if you need to establish a relationship with the group of people you wish to work with on the research