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psychology applied to health > models, theories and studies > Flashcards

models, theories and studies Flashcards

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1
Q

marmot 2010

A

the more favoured people are socially and economically, the better their wealth

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2
Q

Becker 1974

A

Health Belief model

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3
Q

aim of HBM

A

aims to explain and predict health related behaviours

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4
Q

Fishbein and Azjen 1985

A

theory of planned behaviour

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5
Q

TPB aim

A

aims to link intention with likelihood of behaviour

says intention is influenced by personal attitude, subjective norms and personal control beliefs

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6
Q

Bandura

A

theory of self-efficacy from the social cognitive theory

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7
Q

lazarus and folkman (x2)

A

transactional theory of stress

problem-based vs emotional-based coping strategies

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8
Q

transactional theory of stress

A

stress is a 2 way process

involves production of stressors by the environment and the response of the individual

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9
Q

holmes and rahe

A

social readjustment scale

measures how people rate different types of stressor from 0-3

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10
Q

kiecolt and glaser

A

tested effects of exam stress on immune functioning

found increased T cell count 1 month before exams compared to day before

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11
Q

skinner et al 2003

A

coping strategies classification

from >100 to 12 strategies

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12
Q

kuber-ross 1969

A

stages of grief cycle

explains coping flexibility

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13
Q

coping flexibility defn

A

the ability to discontinue and ineffective coping strategy and implement an alternative one

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14
Q

social support defn.

A

perceived comfort, caring, esteem or help a person receives from others

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15
Q

according to HBM what factors drive beliefs to change

A

perceived threat:
–> perceived susceptibility and perceived severity

evaluation of behaviour:
–> weighing up perceived pros of intervention and perceived barriers

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16
Q

3 stages of decision making

A

motivation
action
maintenance

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17
Q

what factors determine how stressful an event is

A

stress appraisal/ perception
psychological differences
coping mechanisms

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18
Q

4 types of social support

A

EIIA

emotional
instrumental
informational
appraisal

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19
Q

clinical ice berg

A

only 1/3 of people experiencing symptoms report to HCPs

majority of ill-health goes unreported

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20
Q

statistic on adherence to medication

A

only 40-55% report adherence to medication

results in increased hospital admissions

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21
Q

2 endocrine mechanisms of stress response

A

Sympathetic Adrenal Medullary Axis

Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis

22
Q

coping def.

A

process of managing stressors, reducing perceived discrepancy between demands and resources and regulating -ve emotions

23
Q

holt-lunstad 2010 (x3)

A

lack of social connections is as damaging as smoking 15 cigarettes a day

stronger social relationships are associated with 50% increased odds of survival

social support perceived as least useful intervention

24
Q

putnam 2000

A

overall lack of social connection have negative health consequences and can be linked to increased mortality rates

25
Q

Tajfel and Turner 1979

A

social identity theory

26
Q

what does social identity theory aim to explain

A

relationship between self and group to explain group behaviours

27
Q

crandell 2012

A

expressing prejudice is a social norm

obesity bias is seen as most acceptable

28
Q

green 2007

A

raising awareness of bias can help HCPs to override it

29
Q

brewer and miller

A

decategorisation approach to reducing bias for HCPs1

30
Q

van laarhoven 2105

A

evidence for placebo effect

decreased itch for psoriasis patients in placebo arm of trial

31
Q

social cognitive theory

4 factors that determine behaviour

A

goals
outcome expectancy
self-efficacy
sociostructual variables

32
Q

howick 2013

A

found no significant difference between placebo effect and treatment effects

33
Q

ersnt et al 1995

A

trials should have 3 arms
1 - treatment
2 - placebo
3 - no treatment

34
Q

NHS statement on bias

A

“equitable treatment, regardless of race, ethnicity etc, is a patient right”

35
Q

institute of medicine report 2003

A

black patients receive fewer health procedures and poorer quality health care

36
Q

placebo effect def.

A

effects from treatment which cannot be attributed to properties of the treatment

37
Q

de blasi 2001

A

care from HCPs is important for patient outcomes

38
Q

kaptchuk 2010 harvard

A

placebos effective without deception

increased IBS improvement when given labelled placebo pill and told about benefits of placebo effect

39
Q

reflective-impulsive model

A

suggests that social cognition and behaviour are outcomes of reflective information processing and impulsive information processing

40
Q

Beurden 2018

A

impulse pal app

engages reflective system to support dietary change for weight loss

41
Q

campbell 2007

A

group health care isnt suitable for everyone or every condition

42
Q

booth 2016

A

systemati review eevidence that group clinics are ffective

43
Q

tarrant 2017

A

psychological connections were central to the success of the weight loss programme
social glue

44
Q

nackers et al 2015

A

group dynamics are important in outcome effectiveness (increased weight loss, attendance and adherence to diet plans)

conflict within a group decreases effectiveness

45
Q

haslam G4H

A

groups 4 health intervention

targets social isolation and disconnection

helped people develop social ties and decreased their negative health-related consequences of social disconnection

46
Q

keep on brushing project new zealand

A

based upon HBM
motivational texts sent daily to encourage tooth brushing behaviour
highlighted benefits of brushing, susceptibilty of decay ad severity of cavities

47
Q

self-efficacy def.

A

how confident you are that you can successfully complete an intervention in the face of barriers

48
Q

what is meant by subjective norms

A

beliefs you are motivated to comply to

influenced by your opinion of information combined from different people

49
Q

browning et al 2009

A

study where 13-20% of people diagnosed with lung cancer continued to smoke

50
Q

self-regulatory model

A

framework for how symptoms/emotions from health-threat or diagnosis influence perception of illness and guide subsequent coping behaviour

51
Q

akey 2013

A

used HBM to understand the reasons why eating disorder patients forgo seeking social support

psychology applied to health (11 decks)

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