2 - health belief and cognitions

Question 1

give examples of health-related behaviours

Answer 1

diet
exercise
adherence to medication
smoking
sleeping patterns
hygiene e.g. teeth brushing

Question 2

what is a health related behaviour

Answer 2

habits or activities that enhance the health or put at risk the individual to ill-health

Question 3

why are health-related behaviours important

Answer 3

can prevent T2 diabetes, 50% of circulatory diseases and 30% of cancers
reduce chances of early mortality

Question 4

prevalence of obesity in the UK

Answer 4

2/3 of adults

1/3 of children

Question 5

types of factor that influence behaviour

Answer 5

biological factors (age, gender, pre-existing illness)

environmental factors availability, access, cost, weather)

social factors (role models, education, employment, class, culture)

psychological factors (habits, personality, emotion, cognition)

Question 6

what does the cognitive approach refer to in psychology

Answer 6

internal thought processes lead to behaviours

Question 7

examples of social and cognitive factors

Answer 7

social
- relationships with other people, support, pressure, self-identity

cognitive
- internal thought processes, knowledge, belief, attitudes, goals, plans

Question 8

psychological research is made up of 7 stages

Answer 8

observation –> indentifying influential factors
model –> how do the factors interact
theory
predictions –> hypothesis
testing
revision
intervention –> implementing change based on the model/theory

Question 9

what two factors drive beliefs to change

Answer 9

perceived threat e.g. susceptibility, severity

evaluation of behaviour
e..g. weighing up the pros and cons

Question 10

who came up with the health belief model

Answer 10

Becker

Question 11

what is the health belief model

Answer 11

aims to explain and predict health related behaviours

Question 12

example of a model of intention and motivation

Answer 12

the theory of planned behaviour (Fishbein and Ajzen)

Question 13

what is the theory of planned behaviour

Answer 13

how beliefs, attitudes and perceived behavioural control affect how intentions get translated into actions

Question 14

what is self-efficacy (Bandura)

Answer 14

belief in oneself to successfully accomplish a task

the theory that motivation and actions are based on expectancies and beliefs of the outcome

strong predictor or peoples’ intentions and behaviours

Question 15

what is the major limitation of behavioural models

Answer 15

they are static, just a snapshot of the entire process

Question 16

why are models bridging the gap between intention and action important

Answer 16

they may increase the likelihood of carrying out the behaviour fully

e.g. planning, goal-setting and behaviour monitoring

Question 17

3 different stages of decision makign

Answer 17

motivation
action
maintenance

(self-efficacy is important in all 3)