Models Of Medicine

Question 1

Complementary and alternative medicine falls into which sector

Answer 1

Popular sector
Folk sector
Professional sector

Question 2

What is complementary medicine

Answer 2

When non mainstream practice is used alongside conventional medicine
E.g. cancer patient receiving acupuncture alongside chemo

Question 3

What is alternative therapy

Answer 3

When non mainstream practice is used instead of conventional med
E.g. cancer patient refuses chemo

Sometimes alternative medicine can be used in a complementary setting

Question 4

What is CAM

Answer 4

• Complementary & alternative med
• Group of therapeutic & diagnostic disciplines that exist largely outside the institutions where conventional healthcare is taught and provided

Question 5

What is integrative medicine

Answer 5

Where both patients and HCPs are onboard with the use of conventional & complementary treatments

Question 6

What is pluralism

Answer 6

A system where more than one route of treatment is offered in healthcare to a patient
E.g. GP would offer both an orthodox and alternative treatment route for patient to survive

Question 7

5 groups of complementary therapies MMANE

Answer 7

Mind body medicine
Manipulative & body-based practices
Alternative medical systems
Natural products
Energy medicine

Question 8

What is mind body medicine

Answer 8

Techniques designed to enhance the minds capacity to affect bodily function and symptoms
Eg. Medication and prayer

Question 9

What are manipulative & body-based practices

Answer 9

Movement of one or more body parts
E.g. chiropractic, osteopathy and massage

Question 10

What are alternative medical systems

Answer 10

Built on complete systems of theoretical principles and practice
E.g. homeopathy and Chinese traditional med

Question 11

What are natural products

Answer 11

Use of natural substances
E.g. herbal products

Question 12

What are energy therapies

Answer 12

Involves the use of energy fields that supposedly surround and penetrate the human body
E.g. bio electromagnetic-based therapies, Reiki, therapeutic touch

Question 13

How did the House of Lords classify CAM therapies in 2002

Answer 13

Most (most evidence) to least popular
Group 1 - acupuncture, osteopathy, homeopathy, herbal med. Have diagnostic approach.
Group 2 - aromatherapy, hypnotherapy. Complement conventional med, no conventional skills
Group 3 a) - traditional and herbal Chinese med. Philosophical approach
Group 3 b) - dowsing & iridology. No evidence for these.

Question 14

What are the most popular therapies

Answer 14

Most to least
Herbal med
Homeopathy
Aromatherapy
Massage
Reflexology

Question 15

CAM average user’s characteristics

Answer 15

Female gender
Middle Aged
Higher socio-economic
Higher level of education
Higher income
Regional differences
Ethnicity - assumption that people prefer own cultural med
Poorer self reported health

Question 16

Recognisable and different patterns of complementary medicine usage

Answer 16

Earnest seekers - have a chronic health problem for which they have tried many therapies for (one being CAMS)
Stable users - either use or type of therapy for most of their problems or have one main prob for which they use a combination of one or more complementary therapies
Eclectic users - choose & use different therapies for different problems
One-off users - Discontinue complementary treatment after limited experimentation

Question 17

Negative factors causing use of CAM to grow

Answer 17

• Dissatisfaction with conventional medicine: ineffective for certain cond, serious adverse effects, poor dr/ patient relationship, insufficient time with dr, waiting lists, high tech low tech touch
• Rejection of science and technology
• Rejection of the establishment (NHS)
• Desperation - do anything to find cure

Question 18

Positive factors for the increase in CAM use

Answer 18

Perceived effectiveness
Perceived safety
High touch, low tech
Philosophical congruence - therapies fit with how u see the world
Control over treatment
Good therapist patient relationship - therapists more polite, longer appt times
Non invasive nature
Accessibility - appt
Pleasant therapeutic experience
Affluence - people have money to use

Question 19

Process of becoming a CAM user

Answer 19

1. Info passed on by a lay referral system or individual develops a nature centred & holistic approach to health
2. Make decision to visit CAM therapist
3. Patient - practitioner encounter
4. Patient develop a natural healthcare culture
5. Individual becomes a regular user (use CAM is conjunction with conventional med)

Question 20

Common concerns of doctors about complementary medicine?

Answer 20

• Patients may see unqualified CAM practitioners
• Patients may risk missed or delayed diagnosis
• Patients may refuse effective conventional treatment
• Patients waste money on ineffective med
• Dangerous adverse effects of CAM drugs
• Some CAM very implausible. Cant possibly work

Question 21

Areas of potential controversy for CAM

Answer 21

Effect on dr/ patient relationship
Adverse effects/ interactions with orthodox treatments if you dont tell your GP
Lack of evidence for CAM therapies

Question 22

How CAM therapies effect dr/patient relationships

Answer 22

Lack of disclosure by patient that they are using CAMs
Dr may recommend CAMs but patient unwilling
Patient may want treatment but Dr unwilling
Loss of trust

Question 23

Factors facilitating the growth of interest in and use of CAM

Answer 23

Popular dissatisfaction with orthodox med
Post Modern Philosophy rejection
Widespread availability and access to health info