Models of health behaviour change Flashcards
what is primary prevention
actions taken to avoid disease or injury
what is secondary prevention
actions taken to identify and treat illness or injury early on with gaol to stop or reverse problem
what is tertiary prevention
actions take to contain and slow damage, prevent disability or recurrence
what factors influence consistency and engagement in healthy behaviours vs unhealthy behaviours
perception of threat of disease, value in behavior reducing threat, attractiveness of unhealthy behaviours
what does the health belief model suggest about engagement with healthy behaviours
suggests that likelihood someone will engage in healthy behaviours and preventive action depends on subjective beliefs rather than objective risk
what are the appraisals of whether to engage in health change suggested by the health belief model
- threat of disease (perceived susceptibility,
perceived severity), - evaluation of treatment / prevention behaviours (perceived benefits, perceived barriers)
- cues to action
what is the theory of planned behaviour
first forming an intention about maintaining behavior = best predictor of behavior
what are the 3 factors influencing intention creation
attitude (is it good to do these, will it be pleasant)
social norms
perceived behavioural control (self-efficacy)
what are descriptive social norms
do they think others are engaging in this behavior
what are injunctive social norms
do they think people close to them would approve of the behavior / internalization of moral rules involving self-approval
limitations of the theory of planned behavior
does not take into account that past behavior is the best predictor for future behaviour
what is the social cognition theory
suggests that the two main drivers of health behavior is (1) self-efficacy (2) outcome expectancies
what are personal factors influencing ones view of their own self-efficacy
mastery experience
Vicarious experience (what they have seen others experience)
verbal persuasion
physiological arousal
what were the results of the smoking cessation intervention study (told they were chosen because they had strong will power or not told anything)
in will power group 67% stopped smoking vs only 28% in control group
what is the COM-B model
suggests behavior is impacts by 3 factors (1) capability (2) opportunity (3) motivation
what are the intervention steps according to the COM-B model
(1) specific problem behavior (2) identify target behaviours (3) select intervention functions
what is the health action process approach
suggest health behavior change is split into 2 phases,(1) motivation where the key driver is intention, and (2) volition
what influences the motivational phase of health action process approach
action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception
what is the transtheoretical model of change
suggests change goes through a pre contemplative stage (don’t see value in term of change) to thinking, preparation and action and if one can maintain these actions of change, can reach stable improved lifestyle
MAINTENANCE IS BIGGEST CHALLENGE → no maintenance = relapse
implications of the transtheoretical model of change
when someone is in the process of changing, must go through thinking, planning then action, never go straight to action
what is motivational interviewing
client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence
what is the ask-tell-ask strategy
ask what they already know → tell them what you know (fill gaps) → ask what they think of the information
what are strategies from breaking bad habits
cue avoidance, changing context where the habit occurred, vigilant monitoring, counterconditioning
what is the smart approach for setting goals
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time based
what is mental contrasting
ontrast the imagined outcome of achieving the goal with the obstacles that might prevent achievement → helps better plan for achieving goal
what is the behavioural chain
suggests several events are linked together to promote bad habits (ex. buy cookies –> leave on counter –> home on Saturday night –> bored –> watch TV–> urge to eat cookies)
what is stimulus control
avoiding control cues associated with bad habits
