Models of health behaviour change

Question 1

what is primary prevention

Answer 1

actions taken to avoid disease or injury

Question 2

what is secondary prevention

Answer 2

actions taken to identify and treat illness or injury early on with gaol to stop or reverse problem

Question 3

what is tertiary prevention

Answer 3

actions take to contain and slow damage, prevent disability or recurrence

Question 4

what factors influence consistency and engagement in healthy behaviours vs unhealthy behaviours

Answer 4

perception of threat of disease, value in behavior reducing threat, attractiveness of unhealthy behaviours

Question 5

what does the health belief model suggest about engagement with healthy behaviours

Answer 5

suggests that likelihood someone will engage in healthy behaviours and preventive action depends on subjective beliefs rather than objective risk

Question 6

what are the appraisals of whether to engage in health change suggested by the health belief model

Answer 6

• threat of disease (perceived susceptibility,
  perceived severity),
• evaluation of treatment / prevention behaviours (perceived benefits, perceived barriers)
• cues to action

Question 7

what is the theory of planned behaviour

Answer 7

first forming an intention about maintaining behavior = best predictor of behavior

Question 8

what are the 3 factors influencing intention creation

Answer 8

attitude (is it good to do these, will it be pleasant)
social norms
perceived behavioural control (self-efficacy)

Question 9

what are descriptive social norms

Answer 9

do they think others are engaging in this behavior

Question 10

what are injunctive social norms

Answer 10

do they think people close to them would approve of the behavior / internalization of moral rules involving self-approval

Question 11

limitations of the theory of planned behavior

Answer 11

does not take into account that past behavior is the best predictor for future behaviour

Question 12

what is the social cognition theory

Answer 12

suggests that the two main drivers of health behavior is (1) self-efficacy (2) outcome expectancies

Question 13

what are personal factors influencing ones view of their own self-efficacy

Answer 13

mastery experience
Vicarious experience (what they have seen others experience)
verbal persuasion
physiological arousal

Question 14

what were the results of the smoking cessation intervention study (told they were chosen because they had strong will power or not told anything)

Answer 14

in will power group 67% stopped smoking vs only 28% in control group

Question 15

what is the COM-B model

Answer 15

suggests behavior is impacts by 3 factors (1) capability (2) opportunity (3) motivation

Question 16

what are the intervention steps according to the COM-B model

Answer 16

(1) specific problem behavior (2) identify target behaviours (3) select intervention functions

Question 17

what is the health action process approach

Answer 17

suggest health behavior change is split into 2 phases,(1) motivation where the key driver is intention, and (2) volition

Question 18

what influences the motivational phase of health action process approach

Answer 18

action self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, risk perception

Question 19

what is the transtheoretical model of change

Answer 19

suggests change goes through a pre contemplative stage (don’t see value in term of change) to thinking, preparation and action and if one can maintain these actions of change, can reach stable improved lifestyle
MAINTENANCE IS BIGGEST CHALLENGE → no maintenance = relapse

Question 20

implications of the transtheoretical model of change

Answer 20

when someone is in the process of changing, must go through thinking, planning then action, never go straight to action

Question 21

what is motivational interviewing

Answer 21

client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence

Question 22

what is the ask-tell-ask strategy

Answer 22

ask what they already know → tell them what you know (fill gaps) → ask what they think of the information

Question 23

what are strategies from breaking bad habits

Answer 23

cue avoidance, changing context where the habit occurred, vigilant monitoring, counterconditioning

Question 24

what is the smart approach for setting goals

Answer 24

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time based

Question 25

what is mental contrasting

Answer 25

ontrast the imagined outcome of achieving the goal with the obstacles that might prevent achievement → helps better plan for achieving goal

Question 26

what is the behavioural chain

Answer 26

suggests several events are linked together to promote bad habits (ex. buy cookies –> leave on counter –> home on Saturday night –> bored –> watch TV–> urge to eat cookies)

Question 27

what is stimulus control

Answer 27

avoiding control cues associated with bad habits