Models of health and influencing factors Flashcards
What is health?
- Not being ill
- Absence of disease
- Behaviour
- Role functioning
What are the three models of health?
Biomedical, WHO and sociological
What is the biomedical model?
Health is freedom from disease and abnormalities
What is the WHO model?
Health is a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is the sociological model?
Health is a state of optimum capacity (physical and mental fitness) of an individual for the effective performance of the roles and tasks for which he has been socialised. Health and illness are normatively defined, constituting standards of adequacy relative to capacity, feeling states and biological functioning needed for the performance of activities expected of members of society, varying by sex and age.
What is illness?
Subjective state which is experienced by an individual - a feeling of being ill.
What is disease?
A pathological condition recognised by indications recognised among biomedical practitioners indicated by signs and symptoms.
What is sickness?
The social state that results as a consequence of feeling ill or being diseased, it is reflected in a changed lifestyle (sick role)
What is the definition of oral health?
A standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak and socialise without active disease, discomfort or embarrassment and contributes to general well being.
What shapes our health?
Fixed factors, lifestyle and behaviours, social, psychological and cultural factors and socio-economic factors.
Some risk factors in the common risk factor approach?
Smoking, drugs, alcohol, diet, stress
Factors that cause inequalities in oral health
Social class, age, area of residence/region, race, culture, ethnicity, environment.
What is the WHO quality of life definition? (1993)
Individuals perception of their own position in life, in context of their culture and value systems in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad range concept affected by a persons physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships.
What is quality of life affected by?
Physical functioning, somatic sensation (pain), daily activities or roles, psychological well being, social interaction and support, personal relationships and life satisfaction.
What are upstream factors?
Interventions and strategies focus on improving fundamental social and economic structures in order to decrease barriers and improve supports that allow people to achieve their full health potential.
