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Physics - IB MYP 5 > Modelling With Waves > Flashcards

Modelling With Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

A wave is….

A

A model for any disturbance that propagates through a medium, transferring energy without the transfer of matter

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2
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of the medium, measured from the equilibrium

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3
Q

Wavelength

A

Length between any two closest points of the wave that are in the same phase

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4
Q

Period

A

Time for one wave to complete

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5
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves produced in a second

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6
Q

Wave velocity

A

Distance travelled by a wave in a second

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7
Q

Longitudinal wave examples….

A

Sound waves, and earthquake and explosion waves, also known as seismic P waves

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8
Q

In a longitudinal wave….

A

The displacement or the medium is parallel to the propagation of the wave

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9
Q

Transverse waves example

A

All types of electromagnetic radiation including visible light

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10
Q

Refraction

A

The change of direction and a wavelength of a wave when it enters a medium where it changes speed

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11
Q

Refraction takes place….

A

In all waves: sound, water, light, earthquake waves etc

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12
Q

In cold air

A

Sound waves travel slower

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13
Q

In warm air

A

Sound waves travel faster

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14
Q

Difference of longitudinal and transverse waves

A

Transverse waves travel well in solids but not fluids, longitudinal travel through all states of Mayer because their medium particle move parallel to the direction of the wave

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15
Q

What is total internal reflection?

A

TIR describes light hitting and reflecting off the surface of an object, without transmitting through the surface

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16
Q

When will total internal reflection take place?

A

It will only take place when: a light Ray is in a more dense medium which is approaching a less dense one. Any angle of incidence for a light Ray which is larger than the critical angle, will create total internal reflection

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17
Q

What is the critical angle?

A

The critical angle is a certain angle that justifies whether something is refraction or total internal reflection, for glass the critical angle is approx. 42°

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18
Q

TIR in optical fibres

A

Light goes in at one end and undergoes repeated TIR and emerges at the other end

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19
Q

Crest

A

The high part of a wave

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20
Q

Troughs

A

The low parts of a wave

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21
Q

How are sound waves diffracted

A

Though doorways because the wavelengths of sounds are about the same size as doorways, which is why we can hear people without seeing them

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22
Q

How are light waves diffracted

A

Light can only be diffracted if it passes though a narrow slit, this shows how light is a wave motion with a small wavelength

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23
Q

Waves can be

A

Diffracted through a narrow opening

24
Q

Transverse waves can be

A

Water or light waves

25
Q

Longitudinal waves can be

A

Sound waves

26
Q

In longitudinal waves

A

The vibration is along the direction of the waves

27
Q

The shorter the wavelength

A

The higher the frequency

28
Q

In transverse waves

A

The vibration is at right angles to the direction of the wave

29
Q

Radio and TV wave diffraction

A

Affects people living on hills. A radio wave can diffract around the hill, a to wave with a short wavelength doesn’t bend as much

30
Q

Waves that reflect

A

Sound and light waves

31
Q

The angle of incidence equals

A

The angle of reflection

32
Q

Refraction is

A

When a wave changes speed by passing a boundary between 2 substances with different densities. This causes them to change direction

33
Q

Refraction doesn’t happen

A

If it crosses the boundary at an angle of 90°, it just continues as a straight line

34
Q

Reflection acts

A

Like a mirror

35
Q

Sound waves are

A

Longitudinal waves that must pass through a medium

36
Q

Light and electromagnetic radiation

A

Travels as transverse waves

37
Q

The greater the amplitude of a sound wave

A

The louder the sound

38
Q

The greater the frequency of a sound wave

A

The higher the pitch

39
Q

If sound waves have the same frequency

A

They will have the same pitch

40
Q

If sound waves have the same amplitude

A

They will have the same loudness

41
Q

The normal range of human hearing

A

Between 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz)

42
Q

The direction of vibration in light waves

A

Is at 90° to the direction that the light travels

43
Q

Light travels in

A

Straight lines

44
Q

Light waves travel though a

A

Vacuum,cleaning they do not need a substance to travel through rather transparent and translucent substances

45
Q

The law of reflection

A

When light reaches a mirror, it reflects off the surface of the mirror

46
Q

Rays in light reflection

A

The incident day goes toward the mirror, the reflected Ray goes away from it

47
Q

Oscillation

A

A motion that repeats itself in a regular cycle

48
Q

Medium

A

Substance or material that carries the wave

49
Q

Pulse

A

A single disturbance moving through a medium from one place to another

50
Q

Propagation

A

Any ways in which waves travel. Eg for electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a vacuum

51
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave vibrating in the direction of propagation

52
Q

Transverse waves

A

A wave in which the medium vibrates at right angle to the direction of its propagation

53
Q

What is interference?

A

When two waves meet while travelling along the same medium

54
Q

Brightness of light with amplitude:

A

The higher the amplitude, the brighter the star

55
Q

Wavelength tells you

A

The type of light

56
Q

Amplitude tells you

A

The intensity of the light

Physics - IB MYP 5 (8 decks)

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