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SPCH3106 > Model of Reading > Flashcards

Model of Reading Flashcards

1
Q

What are the processes in the Kaye et al., model involved in reading? Briefly explain what they do

A

Visual Orthographic Analysis - identifies letters, codes letters for position, may parse into ‘graphemes’
Orthographic Input Lexicon - a store of visual word recognition recognition units; accesses within word forms by recognising the word as a familiar one
Semantic System - a store of word meanings activated in response to written word recognition

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2
Q

What are the 5 main types of reading disorders?

A

Peripheral dyslexias:
1. Visual dyslexia
2. Pure dyslexia

Central dyslexias:
3. Surface dyslexia
4. Deep dyslexia
5. Phonological dyslexia

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3
Q

Describe the presentation of visual dyslexia

A
  • a consequence of difficulty identifying and recognising the visual form of the word either at the level of VOA or subsequent access to OIL
  • errors typically involving the misidentification of a word for a visually similar one
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4
Q

Describe the presentation of pure dyslexia

A

‘Letter by letter readers’

  • words/nonwords read slowly and effortfully
  • reading time increases with word length
  • no difficulties recognising spelled word or saying the words once it is recognised
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5
Q

Describe the presentation of surface dyslexia

A
  • impairment in OIL (difficulty in visual lexical decision task)

Can use non-lexical route to sound out words letter by letter, meaning:
- spared regular words
- slightly impaired irregular words
- spared nonwords (as OPC is fine)
- pseudo-homophones: make errors and identify as ‘real’ words

  • frequency effects
  • length effects
    Errors:
  • regularisation errors
  • visual errors
  • misapplication of letter/sound rules
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6
Q

Describe the presentation of deep dyslexia

A

Impairments to: OIL, SS, OPC
All reading routes have some impairment and therefore:
- regular words, irregular words, nonwords all have some impairment

  • frequency effects
  • imageability effects
  • grammatical class effects
    Errors:
  • semantic (main!)
  • visual
  • morphological
  • functor substitution
  • visual and semantic
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7
Q

Describe the presentation of phonological dyslexia

A

Impairment to non-lexical route - at OPC
Spared:
- regular and irregular words
Non-words/unfamiliar words:
- impaired

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8
Q

What are the 3 routes for reading?

A
  1. Lexical Semantic - reading for comprehension, all words, regular and irregular
  2. Lexical non-semantic - bypasses SS: all words, regular and irregular
  3. Non-lexical - letter/sound conversion: regular words and non-words
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9
Q

List the effects you would expect to see at each process in the reading routes:

A

VOA - length
OIL - frequency
SS - class, imageability, morphology
POL - frequency
PAB - syllable length
OPC - regularity, lexicality, letter length

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10
Q

List PALPA tasks to assess VOA

A
  • letter discrimination
  • visual lexical decision
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11
Q

list PALPA tasks to assess SS

A
  • word reading
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11
Q

list PALPA tasks to assess SS and access to SS

A

SS:
- word reading
Access to SS:
- homophone-define-then-read

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12
Q

List PALPA subtests to assess GPC

A
  • letter naming and sounding
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13
Q

List PALPA subtests to assess PAB

A
  • syllable length reading
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14
Q

List PALPA subtests to assess lexical vs. non-lexical reading

A
  • homophone decision
  • letter length reading
  • spelling/sound regularity
    Non-lexical reading:
  • nonword reading
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15
Q

What are some general therapeutic principles for treatment of reading disorders?

A
  • being at level of approx 20% errors
  • minimal cuing
  • correction via judgements strategies
  • upgrade at 90% correct + no delay
16
Q

List some therapy treatment tasks for treating impairment at the VOA

A
  • matching
  • segmenting
  • same-different judgements
17
Q

List some therapy treatment tasks for treating impairment at the OIL

A
  • lexical decision
  • matching pictures
  • odd-one-out
  • direct re-teaching
18
Q

List some therapy treatment tasks for treating impairment at the OIL-> SS

A
  • picture-homophone matching
  • semantic therapy
19
Q

List some therapy treatment tasks for treating impairment at the SS

A
  • semantic therapy
20
Q

List some therapy treatment tasks for treating impairment at the SS->POL

A
  • semantic therapy + output (semantic networks, multiple word meanings)
  • cued oral reading
  • cued naming

SPCH3106 (7 decks)

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