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Y5 > ModC: Ophthalmology > Flashcards

ModC: Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Age-related macular degeneration

A

ARMD
Wet or dry
Wet = rapid deterioration is rapid and distortion is key, tx is anti-VEGF intravitreal injections
Dry = Amsler chart used to monitor progression, no tx
RFs: female, smoking, age

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2
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

Ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

Amblyopia

A

Aka lazy eye - eye is unable to build a strong link to the brain seen in 3% of children
Px: blurred vision & poor depth perception
Results in decreased visual acuity

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4
Q

Blepharitis

A

dry eye

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5
Q

Cataracts

A

eye

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6
Q

Chemical eye injury

A

eye

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7
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

subtypes: viral, bacterial

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8
Q

Ophthalmia neonanatorum

A

conjunctivitis

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9
Q

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

A

conjunctivitis

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10
Q

Diabetic eye disease

A

Aka proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Microvascular

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11
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

cornea

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12
Q

Contact-lens associated keratitis

A

cornea

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13
Q

Exposure keratopathy

A

eye

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14
Q

Herpes simplex keratitis

A

eye

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15
Q

Dry eye

A

eye

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16
Q

Eyelid tumour

A

eye

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17
Q

Giant cell arteritis

A

AKA temporal

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18
Q

Glaucoma

A

open or closed angle

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19
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

CN palsy

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20
Q

CNIII palsy

A

Occulomotor

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21
Q

CNIV palsy

A

Trochlear

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22
Q

CNVI palsy

A

Abducens

23
Q

Optic neuropathy

A

eye

24
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

eye

25
Q

Preseptal cellulitis

A

eye

26
Q

Papilloedema

A

Optic disc swelling from raised intracranial pressure

Results in decreased visual acuity

27
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

eye

28
Q

Myopia

A

refractive error
Short sighted
RF for retinal detachment (due to longer eyeball length making the retina thinner and more likely to tear and detach)

29
Q

Hyperopia

A

refractive error

30
Q

Astigmatism

A

refractive error

31
Q

Presbyopia

A

refractive error

32
Q

Retinal artery occlusion

A

Affects central retinal artery

33
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Px: sudden loss of vision, floaters, myopic hx

34
Q

Strabismus

A

Abnormal alignment of pupils (either cross-eyed appearance or one eye is more outwards, upwards or downwards)
Due to oculomotor, trochlear or abducens nerve palsy

35
Q

Thyroid eye disease

A

eye

36
Q

Uveitis

A

Inflammation of middle layer of eye (uvea)
Divided into anterior and posterior uveitis
Causes: infection, injury, autoimmune/inflammatory disease
Non-infectious uveitis tx: Adalimumab and dexamethasone

37
Q

Photopsia

A

flashes

38
Q

Floaters

A

Eye presentation associated with posterior vitreous detachment
If associated with loss of vision, then floaters are associated with retinal detachment

39
Q

Posterior vitreous detachment

A

Px: floaters, no loss of vision

40
Q

Central serous retinopathy

A

eye

41
Q

Painful red eye presentation

A

Subtarsal foreign body

Corneal foreign body

42
Q

Subtarsal foreign body

A

Painful red eye presentation

43
Q

Corneal foreign body

A

Painful red eye presentation

44
Q

Intraocular foreign body

A

Medical emergency hence requires urgent referral to eye casualty

45
Q

Panretinal photocoagulation

A

Tx for diabetic retinopathy
Reduces number of hypoxic peripheral retinal photoreceptors producing VEGF to reduce oxygen consumption of retina and re-establish oxygen supply/demand balance
May cause new blood vessels to regress
SEs: poor peripheral vision, poor night vision (due to rod destruction)

46
Q

Macular grid laser

A

laser type used?

47
Q

Vitrectomy

A

Surgery

48
Q

Intravitreal steroid implant injection (Ozurdex)

A

Implant that gradual releases Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid) over time then implant dissolves
Reduces inflammation of retina and improves visual acuity
Uses: diabetic macular oedema, macular oedema (secondary to retinal vein occlusion), non-infectious uveitis

49
Q

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections

A

Injections given intravitreal for wet age-related macular degeneration, not used for dry ARMD
Blocks VEGF which encourages new blood vessel formation
Can be used for diabetic retinopathy but too expensive hence, not cost effective (not licensed for NHS use)

50
Q

Retinal vein occlusion

A

Complication: macular oedema (tx: Ozurdex)

51
Q

Optical Coherence Tomography

A

Used to visualise any retinal, or macula impairment

52
Q

Anisocoria

A

Unequal pupil size

Causes: direct trauma, concussion, bleeding in skull, optic neuritis, brain tumour, aneurysm, meningitis, seizure

53
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Inflammation of optic nerve (CNII)
Results in decreased visual acuity and pain
Commonly seen multiple sclerosis (~50%) - may be 1st sign
Symptoms: diminished vision, blurred vision, abnormal colour vision, eye pain, abnormal reaction to light
Ix: visual acuity, MRI brain
Tx: resolves on its own, or short course of prednisolone

54
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping or falling of upper eyelid

Y5 (7 decks)

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