Mod.2 Ppt And Chap 35,37,38 - REVIEW QUESTIONS 39,40,41 Flashcards
The clinical presentation of platelet-related bleeding can include all of the ff. except
A. Bruising
B. Nosebleeds
C. Gastrointestinal bleeding
D. Bleeding into the joints (hemarthoses)
D. Bleeding into the joints (hemarthoses)
A defect in GP IIb/IIIa causes:
A. Glanzmann thrombasthenia
B. Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
C. Gray platelet syndrome
D. Storage pool disease
A. Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Patients with Bernard-Soulier Syndrome have which of the ff. laboratory test findings?
A. Abnormal platelet response to arachidonic acid
B. Abnormal platelet response to ristocetin
C. Abnormal platelet response to collagen
D. Thrombocytosis
B. Abnormal platelet response to ristocetin
Which of the ff is the most common hereditary platelet function defects?
A. Glanzmann thrombasthenia
B. Bernard-Soulier syndrome
C. Storage pool disease
D. Multiple myeloma
C. Storage pool disease
A reduction in thrombin generation in patients with Scott Syndrome results from
A. Defective granule secretion
B. Altered platelet aggregation
C. Altered expression of phospholipids on the platelet membrane
D. Deficiency of vit.K-dependent clotting factors
C. Altered expression of phospholipids on the platelet membrane
The impaired platelet function in myeloproliferative neoplasms results from:
A. Abnormally shaped platelets
B. Extended platelet lifespan
C. Increased procoagulant activity
D. Decreased numbers of a-granules and dense granules
D. Decreased numbers of a-granules and dense granules
The platelet defect associated with increased paraproteins is:
A. Impaired membrane activation, owing to protein coating
B. Hypercoagulability, owing to antibody binding and membrane activation
C. Impaired aggregation, because the hyperviscous plasma prevents platelet-endothelium interaction
D. Hypercoagulability, because the increased proteins bring platelets closer together, which leads to inappropriate aggregation
A. Impaired membrane activation, owing to protein coating
In uremia, platelet function is impaired by higher than normal levels of:
A. Urea
B. Uric acid
C. Creatinine
D. NO
D. NO
Thrombocytopenia associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass is not caused by:
A. Anti-GP IIb/IIIa antibodies
B. Hemodilution
C. Platelet binding to bypass circuitry
D. Platelet consumption associated with normal post surgical hemostatic activity
A. Anti-GP IIb/IIIa antibodies
Aspirin ingestion blocks the synthesis of:
A. Thromboxane A2
B. Ionized calcium
C. Collagen
D. ADP
A. Thromboxane A2
A mechanism of anti platelet drugs targeting GP IIb/IIIa function is:
A. Interference with platelet adhesion to the subendothelium by blocking of the collagen binding site
B. Inhibition of transcription of the GP IIb/IIIa gene
C. Direct binding to GP IIb/IIIa
D. Interference with platelet secretion
C. Direct binding to GP IIb/IIIa
Which is a congenital qualitative platelet disorder?
A. Senile purpura
B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
C. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
D. Waldenström macroglobulinemia
B. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
The autosomal dominant disorder associated with decreased platelet production is:
A. Fanconi anemia
B. TAR syndrome
C. May-Hegglin anomaly
D. Wiskott-aldrich anomaly
C. May-Hegglin anomaly
Which of the following is not a hallmark of ITP?
A. Petechiae
B. Thrombocytopenia
C. Large overactive platelets
D. Megakaryocyte hypoplasia
C. Large overactive platelets
The specific antigen most commonly responsible for the development of NAIT is:
A. Bak
B. HPA-1a
C. GPIB
D. Lewis antigen a
B. HPA-1a
A 2-year-old child with an unexpected platelet count of 15,000/ul and a recent history of a viral infection most likely has:
A. HIT
B. NAIT
C. Acute ITP
D. Chronic ITP
C. Acute ITP
Which drug causes a reduction in platelet count by inhibiting megakaryocyte maturation?
A. Gold salts
B. Abciximab
C. Anagrelide
D. Quinidine
C. Anagrelide
A defect in primary hemostasis (platelet response to an injury) often results in:
A. Musculoskeletal bleeding
B. Mucosal bleeding
C. Hemarthroses
D. None of the above
B. Mucosal bleeding
When a drug acts as a hapten to induce thrombocytopenia, an antibody forms against which of the ff?
A. Typically unexposed, new platelet antigens
B. The combination of the drug and the platelet membrane protein to which it is bound
C. The drug alone in plasma, but the immune complex then binds to the platelet membrane
D. The drug alone, but only when it is bound to the platelet membrane
B. The combination of the drug and the platelet membrane protein to which it is bound
TAR refers to:
A. Abnormal platelet morphology in which the radial striations of the platelet are missing
B. Abnormal appearance of the iris of the eye in which radial striations are absent
C. Abnormal bone formation, including hypoplasia of the forearms
D. Neurologic defects affecting root (radix) of the spinal nerves
C. Abnormal bone formation, including hypoplasia of the forearms
Neonatal autoimmune thrombocytopenia occurs when:
A. The mother lacks a platelet antigen that the infant possesses, and she builds antibodies to that antigen, which cross the placenta
B. The mother has an autoimmune antibody to her own platelets, which crosses the placenta and reacts with the infant’s platelets
C. The infant develops an autoimmune disease such as lupus erythematosus before birth
D. The infant develops an autoimmune process such as ITP secondary to in utero infection
B. The mother has an autoimmune antibody to her own platelets, which crosses the placenta and reacts with the infant’s platelets
HUS in children is associated with:
A. Diarrhea caused by shigella species
B. Meningitis caused by haemophilus species
C. Pneumonia caused by mycoplasma species
A. Diarrhea caused by shigella species
Treatment with an anticomplement agent such as eculizumab is first-line therapy for:
A. Hereditary TTP
B. HUS
C. ITP
D. Atypical HUS
D. Atypical HUS
Which of the ff statements regarding thrombocytosis is not true?
A. Thrombosis can be associated with hemorrhage and thrombosis
B. Thrombocytosis is self-correcting
C. Thrombocytopenia can be congenital or acquired
B. Thrombocytosis is self-correcting
_____ is a complex physiologic process that keeps circulating blood in a fluid state and then, when an injury occurs, produces a lot of clot to stop the bleeding, confines the clot to the site of injury, and finally dissolves the clot as the wound heals
Hemostasis
_____ involves the interaction of vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and aggregation, and coagulation enzyme activation to stop bleeding
Hemostasis
______ refers to the role of blood vessels and platelets in the initial response to a vascular injury
Primary hemostasis
_____ describes the activation of a series of coagulation proteins in the plasma, mostly serine protease, to form a fibrin clot
Secondary hemostasis
_____ is an enzyme that converts fibrinogen to a localized fibrin clot
Thrombin
_____ is the gradual digestion and removal of the fibrin clot as healing occurs
Fibrinolysis
The innermost lining of blood vessels is a monolayer of metabolically active _______
Endothelial cells
_____ play essential roles in immune response, vascular permeability, proliferation, and, of course, hemostasis
Endothelial cells
______ is a platelet inhibitor and a vasodilator, is synthesized through the eicosanoid pathway and prevents unnecessary or undesirable platelet activation in intact vessels
Prostacyclin
______ induces smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent vasodilation, inhibits platelet activation, and promotes angiogenesis and healthy arterioles
Nitric oxide
_____ is an important EC-produced anticoagulant
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
____ is a glycosaminoglycan that enhances the activity of antithrombin, a blood plasma serine protease inhibitor
Heparan sulfate
T or F: Connective tissue degeneration occurs naturally in aging, which leads to an increased bruising tendency in the elderly
True
______ is an adhesion molecule that promotes platelet and leukocyte binding
P-selectin
_____ are produced from the cytoplasm of bone marrow megakaryocytes
Platelets
_____ serves as the body’s first line of defense against blood loss
Platelets
_____ is the property by which platelets bind non-platelet surfaces such as subendothelial collagen
Adhesion
VWF binds platelets through their ______ membrane receptor
GP Ib/IX/V
_____ is the property by which platelets bind to one another
Aggregation
_____ is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder in which GP IIb/IIIa is missing or defective
Glanzmann thrombasthenia