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Hema 2 > Basic Principles Of Hemostasis > Flashcards

Basic Principles Of Hemostasis Flashcards

1
Q

______ involves the enzymatic activation of series of plasma proteins (procoagulants) in the coagulation system to form fibrin meshwork

A

Secondary hemostasis

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2
Q

______ is a process whereby, on vessel injury, plasma proteins, tissue factors, and calcium interact on the surface of platelets to form a stable fibrin clot

A

Coagulation

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3
Q

Activated state of proenzymes is called?

A

Serine proteases

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4
Q

_____ occurs on the surface of platelet/endothelial cell membrane (platelet plug) & not on the fluid phase

A

Coagulation

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5
Q

_____ circulates in the plasma with vwf and is referred to as factor viii complex

A

Factor VIll

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6
Q

_____ is composed of large multimeric glycoprotein that participates in platelet adhesion and transports factor viii

A

Von willebrand factor

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7
Q

_____ are stored in the alpha granules in platelets and in weibel - palade bodies in ECs

A

Von willebrand factor (vwf)

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8
Q

Deficiency in factor viii or its dysfunction results in _____

A

Hemophilia A

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9
Q

Deficiency in VWF or a dysfunctional molecule results in?

A

Von willebrand disease (VWD)

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10
Q

_______ is a mineral & play a big role in the important stages of coagulation

A

Factor IV (calcium)

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11
Q

Enumerate the 3 acute phase reactants

A

Fibrinogen
HMWK
Prothrombin

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12
Q

_____ represents the antigenic properties of factor viii measured by immunoassays

A

Factor VWF:Ag-

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13
Q

_____ the property of VWF which causes platelet aggregation in the presence of ristocetin

A

Ristocetin co-factor activity

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14
Q

_______ consumed during coagulation, absent in serum but present in plasma. Vit. K not needed for their synthesis. Not absorbed by BaSO4 or Al(OH)3. Increased in inflammation, trauma, stress & pregnancy.

A

Thrombin-sensitive group/Fibrinogen group

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15
Q

______ is present in both serum and plasma (not consumed by coagulation), well-preserved in stored plasma. Vit. K needed for their synthesis, can be absorbed by BaSO4 & Al(OH)3.

A

Prothrombin group/Vit. K dependent group

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16
Q

_____ is a therapeutic inhibitor of Vit. K

A

Coumadin drugs

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17
Q

_____ is the basis for the oral anticoagulant ( warfarin, Coumadin) therapy

A

Vit. K antagonism

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18
Q

Enumerate the components of extrinsic tenase

A

VIIa
Tissue Factor
PPL
Ca

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19
Q

Enumerate the components needed for intrinsic tenase

A

IXa
VIIIa
PPL
Ca

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20
Q

Enumerate the components needed for prothrombinase

A

Xa
Va
PPL
Ca

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21
Q

____ is composed of factors XI, XII, prekallikrein, and HMWK.

A

Contact group

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22
Q

_____ is a non-enzymatic cofactor

A

HMWK

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23
Q

Enumerate the serine proteases

A

Kallikrein
IIa
VIIa
IXa
Xa
XIa
XIIa

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24
Q

Enumerate the cofactors/accelerators

A

Tissue factor
Va
VIIIa
HMWK

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25
Q

Give the factor involved in substrate and transglutaminase/transamidase
(note that both factors is different)

A

Substrate- factor I
Transaglutaminase/transamidase - factor XIII

26
Q

Enumerate the coagulation factors involved in contact group

A

XII
XI
Prekallikrein
HMWK

27
Q

Enumerate the coagulation factors involved in prothrombin group/Vit. K dependent group

A

II
VII
IX
X

28
Q

Enumerate the coagulation factors involved in fibrinogen group/thrombin sensitive group

A

I
V
VIII
XIII

29
Q

_____ bind, stabilize & enhance the activities of their respective enzymes

A

Cofactors/Accelerators

30
Q

____ is the one that triggers tha extrinsic pathway

A

Thromboplastin

31
Q

_____ is an activated coagulation factors which are the main players to produce fibrin clot

A

Serine proteases

32
Q

Enumerate in order the 4 stages in coagulation

A

1.Contact phase
2. Activation of the common pathway
3. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
4. Formation of stable fibrin clot

33
Q

______ is an assembly molecule needed in almost all phases of the intrinsic pathway

A

Phosphatidylserine

34
Q

Why is it called INTRINSIC?

A

Because most factors involved here are found in the blood

35
Q

This pathway starts with the activation of factor X to factor Xa by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.

A

Common pathway

36
Q

Activation occurs when a vessel is injured, exposing the subendothelial tissues, basement membrane and collagen

A

Intrinsic pathway

37
Q

Activated by the release of factor III into the plasma from injured tissues (collagen injury)

A

Extrinsic pathway

38
Q

____ is a marker for thrombin generation

A

Prothrombin fragment 1.2

39
Q

True or False: the 3 pathways do not fully describe how coagulation occurs physiologically

A

TRUE

40
Q

Two phases of coagulation

A

Initiation
Propagation

41
Q

____ occurs in TF-expressing cells, produces 3-5% of the total thrombin generated

A

Initiation

42
Q

_____-occuring in platelets, which produces 95% or more of the total thrombin

A

Propagation

43
Q

Normal physiologic coagulation requires these 2 cell types:

A
  1. Cell that express TF (extravascular)
  2. Platelets (intravascular)
44
Q

The 6N terminal assembles to form a bulky central region called

A

E domain

45
Q

The 3 carboxyl terminals on each outer end of the molecule assembles to form two…

A

D domains

46
Q

The cleaved fibrinogen is called

A

Fibrin monomer

47
Q

In vivo, the endpoint of coagulation mechanism is ____

A

Stable fibrin clot

48
Q

In vitro, the endpoint detected is ____

A

Fibrin polymer

49
Q

_____ is the primary serine protease of the fibrinolytic system

A

Plasmin

50
Q

______ is the main enzyme of the coagulation pathway

A

Thrombin

51
Q

_____ is a protein produced by the liver and is a major inhibitor of blood coagulation.

A

Protein C

52
Q

______ is a Vit. K dependent protein and also produced by the liver.

A

Protein S

53
Q

______Inactivates the clotting cascade by inducing thrombin to activate PC

A

Thrombomodulin

54
Q

T or F: When plasma C4bBP level increases, additional PS is bound and free PS levels become proportionally decreased, wc may increase the risk of thrombosis.

A

True

55
Q

______ - major inhibitor of thrombin and Factor Xa. Its activity is enhanced by heparin to 2000x. The first inhibitor to be identified and the first to be assayed routinely

A

Antithrombin III/ antithrombin- a Serpin

56
Q

Laboratory measurement of TAT is used as an indicator of _____

A

thrombin generation

57
Q

_____ inhibits thrombin rapidly in the presence of dermatan sulfate, heparin sulfate, or heparin.

A

Heparin cofactor II (HC II)

58
Q

____ inactivates Factor XIIa and kallikrein, Factor XIa and plasmin.

A

C1 inhibitor

59
Q

________ - no clinical manifestation. It neutralizes the PPL reagent in APTT resulting to its prolonged result, which is why this is investigated by the physician.

A

Lupus anticoagulants

60
Q

Enumerate the acquired hereditary inhibitors

A

Anti-VIII
Anti-IX
anti-X
anti-V
Anti-I
anti-XIII
anti-VWF

61
Q

Enumerate the non- hereditary acquired inhibitors

A

Anti-VIII-postpartum, autoimmune disorder
Acquired VWF disease
Anti-IX
Anti-XI
Anti-V- related to Streptomycin therapy
Anti-XIII- related to Isoniazid therapy
Lupus anticoagulants

Hema 2 (6 decks)

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