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CCMA revisions > Mod Terms 1: Foundations & Basic Knowledge (10%) > Flashcards

Mod Terms 1: Foundations & Basic Knowledge (10%) Flashcards

1
Q

t/f: a licensed vocational nurse is also known as a licensed practical nurse

A

true

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2
Q

what are the 3 ways licensure can be given

A

examination, reciprocity, and endorsement

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3
Q

what is the difference between licensure by examination and endorsement

A

endorsement is through a national board exam

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4
Q

diagnostic testing, new pain s/s, and physical exams require

A

in-person physical evaluations

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5
Q

following up on meds, chronic condition management, pt education, evaluation of minor concerns, follow up on new equipment, and discussing labs may be done through

A

telehealth appoinments

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6
Q

describe the PATIENT-CENTERED MEDICAL HOME MODEL (PCMH)

A

PCP is head of team and all aspects of pt care are managed

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7
Q

which healthcare model makes up most of US healthcare

A

fee for service

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8
Q

describe FEE FOR SERVICE

A

every test/service has charge/fee schedule and the office bills the insurance which then charges pt predetermined amount

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9
Q

describe VALUE-BASED PLANS

A

has quadruple aim with financial reward for keeping pts healthy stressing stress prevention and early intervention

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10
Q

the US is slowly moving to this healthcare model

A

value-based plans

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11
Q

what is the four parts of the quadruple aim of value-based plans

A
  • improve pt outcomes
  • improve pt satisfaction
  • lower cost
  • health care professional well-being
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12
Q

what are the 3 types of managed care

A

HMO, PPO, POS

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13
Q

define MANAGED CARE

A

healthcare for preset scheduled payments and coordinated care from network

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14
Q

describe POINT OF SERVICE PLANS

A
  • no PCPs
  • self-refer to specialists
  • cost depends on providers seen in plan’s panel
  • lower medical costs for more limited choices
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15
Q

t/f: POS plans offer lots of flexibility

A

true

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16
Q

describe PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS (PPOs)

A
  • network gives a discounted fee and lots of flexibility
  • no PCP
  • self-refer to specialists
  • see providers in and out of network
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17
Q

t/f: PPOs are not more flexible than HMOs

A

false

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18
Q

define HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (HMO)

A

contract w/medical center or providers and fixed annuals characterized by referrals, precertification, and preauthorization

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19
Q

define CAPITATION

A

payment per member/month based on factors and providers paid to keep pts healthy rather than encounters

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20
Q

what does a partial/blended capitation mean

A

only some services are based on capitation

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21
Q

what are some factors for capitation

A

age, race, sex, lifestyle, medical history, benefit design, expected usage is greater than pt visits

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22
Q

acetaminophen, hydrocodone, and codeine are types of

A

analgesics

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23
Q

esomeprazole, calcium carbonate, and famotidine are examples of

A

antacids/anti-ulcer

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24
Q

amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole are examples of

A

antibiotics

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25
Q

ipratopium, dicyclomine, and hyoscyamine are examples of

A

anticholinergics

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26
Q

anticholinergics prevent

A

smooth muscle spasms

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27
Q

warfarin, heparin, and apixabin are examples of

A

anticoagulants

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28
Q

clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapetin are examples of

A

anticonvulsants

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29
Q

doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, selegiline are examples of

A

antidepressants

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30
Q

bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine are examples of

A

antidiarrheals

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31
Q

metoclopramide and ondansetron are examples of

A

antiemetics

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32
Q

fluconazole, nystatin, and miconazole are examples of

A

antifungal

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33
Q

diphenhydramine, cetirizine, and loratadine are examples of

A

antihistamine

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34
Q

metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, and clonidine are examples of

A

antihypertensive

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35
Q

ibuprofen, celecoxib, and naproxen are examples of

A

anti-inflammatories

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36
Q

the purpose of antilipemic are to

A

reduce cholesterol

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37
Q

atorvastatin, fenofibrate, and cholestyramine are examples

A

antilipemics

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38
Q

topiramate, sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and zolmitriptan are examples of

A

antimigraines

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39
Q

alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitronin are examples of

A

anti-osteoporosis

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40
Q

the purpose of anti-osteoporosis agents

A

increase bone density

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41
Q

quetiapine, haloperidol, and risperidone are examples of

A

antipsychotics

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42
Q

acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin are examples of

A

antipyretics

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43
Q

cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, and carisoprodol are examples of

A

skeletal/muscle relaxants

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44
Q

dextromethorphan, codeine, and guaifenesin are examples of

A

antitussives/expectorants

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45
Q

acyclovir, interferon, and oseltamivir are examples of

A

antivirals

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46
Q

the purpose of anxiolytics

A

reduce anxiety

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47
Q

clonazepam, diazepam, and lorazepam are examples of

A

anxiolytics

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48
Q

albuterol, isoproterenol, and theophylline are examples of

A

bronchodilators

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49
Q

methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are examples of

A

central nervous system stimulants

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50
Q

medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, and drospirenone are examples of

A

contraceptives

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51
Q

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, oxymetazoline are examples of

A

decongestants

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52
Q

furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and bumetanide are examples of

A

diuretics

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53
Q

levothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, and estrogen are examples of

A

hormone replacement

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54
Q

magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl, and docusate sodium are examples of

A

laxatives/stool softeners

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55
Q

metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone are examples of

A

oral hypoglemics

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56
Q

zolpidem, temazepam, and eszopiclone are examples of

A

sedatives/hypnotics

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57
Q

give examples of schedule 1 drugs

A

heroin, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana

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58
Q

t/f: marijuana is not prosecuted in states it is legal

A

true

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59
Q

this schedule has high abuse and dangerous dependence

A

schedule 2

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60
Q

morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and amphetamine are which schedule of drugs

A

schedule II

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61
Q

t/f: schedule II drugs are refillable

A

false

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62
Q

this schedule has moderate-low abuse risk and dependence

A

schedule III

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63
Q

ketamine, anabolic steroids, acetaminophen w/codeine, and buprenorphine are examples of this schedule

A

schedule III

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64
Q

this schedule has low abuse risk and dependence

A

schedule IV

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65
Q

tramadol and benzodiazepines are examples of this class of drugs

A

schedule IV

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66
Q

diphenoxylate w/atropine, guaifenesin w/codeine, and pregabalin are examples of this type of schedule

A

schedule V

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67
Q

schedule III, IV, and V drugs cannot be refilled under these conditions

A
  • > 6 months after prescription date
  • > 5 times in 6 months
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68
Q

define THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS

A

desired effects

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69
Q

define SIDE EFFECTS

A

predictable, undesirable, and gen unavoidable and harmless reactions of body that can limit med’s ability

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70
Q

define ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

unintended and harmful reactions preventing further use

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71
Q

define INDICATIONS

A

problems meds are prescribed for

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72
Q

define CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

sx/conditions making tx inadvisable or dangerous

73
Q

define PRECAUTIONS

A

lesser risk problems needing monitoring

74
Q

pt’s with liver disease should not have

A

acetaminophen, phenytoin, fluconazole, bupropion, lisinopril, penicillin, erythromycin, rifampin, ritonavir, and losartan

75
Q

MAOIs should not be mixed with

A

tyramine foods or other antidepressants

76
Q

examples of tyramine foods

A

avocados, smoked meats, wine, most cheese

77
Q

dextromethorphan, simvastatin, and sildenafil should not be mixed with

A

grapefruit juice

78
Q

warfarin and oral contraceptives should not mix with

A

st john’s wart

79
Q

albuterol should not mix with

A

propranolol

80
Q

warfarin should not mix with

A

aspirin

81
Q

oral contraceptives should not mix with

A

most antibiotics

82
Q

how many drops is in 1 mL

A

15

83
Q

how many mL in 1 tsp

A

5

84
Q

how many mL in 1 tbsp

A

15

85
Q

how many mL is in 1 cup

A

240

86
Q

how many mL is in 1 oz (2 tbsp)

A

30 mL

87
Q

how many mL is in 1 pint

A

480 mL

88
Q

how many mL is in 1 quart

A

960

89
Q

how many mL is in 1 gallon

A

3830

90
Q

how are creams administered

A

topical, vaginal, and rectal

91
Q

how are drops administered

A

otic, ophthalmic, and nasal

92
Q

how is dry powder administered

A

inhalaiton

93
Q

how are emulsions administered

A

oral

94
Q

how are ointments administered

A

topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, and rectal

95
Q

powders for reconstitution are administered by

A

IV, IM, SubQ, ID

96
Q

solutions are administered by

A

oral, topical, vaginal, urethral, and rectal

97
Q

suspensions are administered by

A

oral

98
Q

how are tinctures administered

A

oral and topical

99
Q

how are foams administered

A

vaginal

100
Q

how are gels administered

A

oral, topical, and rectal

101
Q

how are linimets administered

A

topical

102
Q

how are lotions administered

A

topical

103
Q

how are lozenges administered

A

oral

104
Q

how are mists administered

A

inhalation and nasal

105
Q

how are patches administered

A

topical

106
Q

how are powders administered

A

topical

107
Q

solid and fluid extracts are administered are by

A

oral

108
Q

sprays are administered by

A

topical, nasal, inhalation, and sublingual

109
Q

suppositories are administered via

A

vaginal and rectal

110
Q

tablets are administered via

A

oral, buccal, vaginal, sublingual

111
Q

what are the injection sites for IDs

A

skin of upper chest, forearms, and upper back

112
Q

what are injection sites for IMs

A

deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal

113
Q

what are injection sites for SubQs

A

upper arms, abdomen, butt, upper outer thighs

114
Q

list the rights of drug administration

A

pt, medication, dose, time, route, technique, documentation

115
Q

medication should be checked when

A

getting meds, preparing, and putting away

116
Q

what does the time right of drug administration mean

A

are there certain conditions required for administration

117
Q

define the technique right of drug administration

A

proper method to administer via selected route

118
Q

what should be documented after injection

A

date, time, quantity, strength, method, site, lot #, manufacturer, expiration date, pt outcome, effects

119
Q

define PHARMOKINETICS

A

study of how meds move through body

120
Q

what are the four components of pharmokinetics

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

121
Q

what are factors for absorption

A

route, fat solubility, surface area, food

122
Q

list the 6 primary nutrients

A

water, protein, carbs, fat, vitamins, minerals

123
Q

how much of the body is water

A

50-80%

124
Q

what is the gen recommended water intake

A

2-3 L

125
Q

how much water is lost/day

A

1750-3000 mL

126
Q

essential amino acids need to be

A

eaten

127
Q

nonessential amino acids are able to be

A

made

128
Q

conditional amino acids are

A

amino acids that become essential during stres/illness

129
Q

give examples of simple carbohydrates

A

honey, sugar

130
Q

give examples of complex carbohydrates

A

fruits, veggies, cereal, pasta, rice, beans, whole grain

131
Q

purpose of fats

A

growth, cell structure, protein function, insulate & protect, prevent blood clots, control BP, energy

132
Q

t/f: saturated fats raise cholesterol more than unsaturated

A

true

133
Q

which vitamins are fat soluble

A

A, D, E, K

134
Q

which vitamins are water soluble

A

B, folate, biotin, C, pantothenic acid

135
Q

milk fat, meat, egg yolks, leafy veggies, fish oil, and orange & yellow produce are sources of

A

vitamin A

136
Q

fish/meat/poultry, whole grains, seeds, nuts, years, avocados, and bananas are sources of

A

vitamin B

137
Q

berries/citrus, green peppers, mangoes, broccoli, potatoes, cauliflower, and tomatoes are sources of

A

vitamin C

138
Q

sunlight, fortified milk, eggs, fish, and liver are sources of

A

vitamin D

139
Q

fortified cereal, nuts, vegetable oils, green & leafy veggies are examples of

A

vitamin E

140
Q

green & leafy veggies, beans, asparagus, and legumes are sources of

A

folate

141
Q

meat, grain, legumes, fruits, and veggies are sources of

A

patothenic acid

142
Q

green & leafy veggies, dairy, grain, meat, eggs, and fruits are sources of

A

vitamin K

143
Q

beef/pork, sardines, cheese, green olives, and sauerkraut are sources of

A

sodium

144
Q

whole & skim milk, bananas, prunes, raisins are sources of

A

potassium

145
Q

milk & milk products, meat, eggs, cereal, beans, fruits, veggies are sources of

A

calcium

146
Q

milk, cheese, meat/poultry, nuts, legumes, and cereals are sources of

A

phosphorus

147
Q

green leaves, nuts, cereal grains, and seafood are sources of

A

magnesium

148
Q

soybean flour, beef, beans, peaches, and clams are sources of

A

iron

149
Q

veggies are a good source of

A

zinc

150
Q

seafood, iodized salt, and dairy are sources of

A

iodine

151
Q

this vitamin promotes night vision, cell growth, and maintenance of skin and health

A

vitamin A

152
Q

this vitamin aids in calcium absorption, bone & teeth health, and heart & nerve function

A

vitamin D

153
Q

headaches, skin peeling, and bone thickening are sx of

A

vitamin A toxicity

154
Q

kidney failure, metastatic calcification, and anorexia are sx of

A

vitamin D toxicity

155
Q

this vitamin aids in cell protection and form blood cells

A

vitamin E

156
Q

this vitamin aids in blood clotting & bone growth and reduces effectiveness of blood clotting meds

A

vitamin K

157
Q

this vitamin aids in carb metabolism and heart/nerve/muscle function

A

vitamin B1

158
Q

this vitamin aids in fat and protein metabolism

A

vitamin B2

159
Q

this vitamin aids in carb and fat metabolism

A

vitamin B3

160
Q

red itchy and tingling skin are sx of

A

vitamin B3

161
Q

this vitamin aids in enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis

A

vitamin B6

162
Q

peripheral neuropathy is a sx of

A

vitamin B6 toxicity

163
Q

this vitamin aids in protein & fat metanolism, nerve-cell maintenance, and cell development

A

vitamin B12

164
Q

this vitamin aids in immunity, iron absorption, bone/muscle/vessel structure

A

vitamin C

165
Q

this herbal supplement tx depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders but there is no research denying it as a placebo

A

st. john’s wart

166
Q

this herbal supplement tx menopause sx

A

black cohosh

167
Q

t/f: melatonin can interfere w/conception

A

true

168
Q

people should not take willow bark if they cannot tolerate

A

aspirin

169
Q

willow bark is used for

A

pain relief

170
Q

glucosamine sulfate promotes

A

healthy cartilage formation

171
Q

Gingko Biloba promotes

A

increase memory and mental function by increasing blood flow to brain

172
Q

what are the aspects/recommendations for a diet for someone who has chronic kidney disease

A
  • limit salt/sodium
  • cautious/limit protein
  • protect heart
  • minimize phosphorous intake
  • control potassium level
173
Q

people with celiac disease cannot have

A

wheat, barley, and rye

174
Q

what are the diet recommendations for people who have diabetes

A
  • several small nutrient-dense meals
  • avoid food high in added sugars
  • limit lots of carbs
  • eat more fiber
175
Q

list sx of anorexia

A

self starvation, perfectionism, extreme sensitivity to criticism, excessive fear of weight gain, >/= 15% weight loss, extreme control of behavior, amenorrhea, denial of hunger, excessive and ritualistic eatings, unrealistic image of self as obese

176
Q

sx of bulimia nervosa

A

buying & consuming large amounts of food, purging, use bathroom immediately after eating, use laxatives & diuretics, weight constant while overeating, mood swings, depression & guilt after binging & purging

177
Q

longterm bulimia nervosa leads to

A

esophagus lesions, erosion of tooth enamel, electrolyte & hormone imbalances

178
Q
A

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