MOD 8 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Human resource?
A
Management of the total relationship between employer and employee.
2
Q
What is the aim of human resource management?
meet the needs
A
To assist the business to better meet the needs of their employees, to improve productivity and efficinecy.
3
Q
How does Hr work with operations?
A
Implements training and development and makes sure work is available
4
Q
What are the benefits of HR management?(3)
A
highly qualified workforce that
-fosters skill development
-employee recognition,
-reduces workforce conflict
.
5
Q
How does Hr work with marketing?
A
Staff are the public face of the business and their actions will influence the customers buying
6
Q
How does Hr work with finance?
A
Produces funds for wages and recruitment
7
Q
What is outsourcing?
A
Transfers of a business activity to an external service provider
8
Q
Advantages of Outsourcing?(3)
A
-cheaper—> reduces the need for business to find full time staff
-Superior service as it is specialised
- allows business to focus on core business activities
9
Q
What are contractors?
A
Are external provider of a service to a business
10
Q
Why do businesses hire contractors?
A
To temporarily fill a position, Cost effective
11
Q
What are the risks of contractors?
A
-Loss of quality control
-Lack of loyalty
-Difficult on coordinating activities
12
Q
What are the influences of HR?(7)
A
S – Stakeholders
T – Technological
E – Economic
E – Ethics and CSR
L – Legal
S – Social
13
Q
What Are shareholders?
A
An individual or a group that has a common interest or is affected by the actions of the organisation
14
Q
Who are employees?
A
Individuals who provide their skills to business in return for an income,
15
Q
Who are stakeholders?
A
Anyone who has interest in the business
16
Q
Who are employers?
A
Individual that pay others to for for the business
17
Q
What are unions?
A
They represents employees, in an industry
18
Q
What are employer associations?
A
Represents the employer in situations such as employers asking for raises or disputes
19
Q
What are government organisations?
A
Provides the legal framework for business to follow
20
Q
What is an award?
A
Legal documents which outline the
-minimum pay rates
-conditions of employment
in a particular industry.
21
Q
What are the disadvantages of awards?
A
Prevents recognition of employees efforts and productivity
22
Q
What Are Enterprise agreements?
A
Contracts With and employer and a group of employees about the conditions of employment and the pay rate
23
Q
Advantages of enterprise agreements?(2)
A
Increases satisfaction
Effective up to 4 year with no striking
24
Q
Disadvantages of enterprise agreements?(2)
A
Takes up to 6 months to be approved
Costly
25
What Are the 3 other types of contracts?
-Individual contract- negotiation with one employee in corporate position
-Independent contractor- self employed
-Casual- minimum conditions are set in award, not entitled to pay leave so as a compensation they receive 25% of their pay extra
26
Advantage of a contractor?
-Allows for greater flexibility
-Cheaper as there is less cost than employees
27
Advantage of a Casual contracts?
Less cost
Greater job mobility
28
What Are The 2 Minimum Employment standards?
-Minimum wage
-minimum employment entitles
29
What Are Some Minimum Employment standards?(4)
Maximum weekly hours
Parental leave
Public holiday
Annual leave
30
What is common law?
Developed by courts and not made in parliament, made based on decisions based on the facts of a case guided by a precedent.
31
What does the common law do?
Enforces the rights and responsibilities of both employer and employee.
32
What responsibilities of employers are enforced by the common law?(2)
-pay correct wages
-ensure a safe working environment
33
What responsibilities of employees are enforced by the common law?(2)
-obey the instruction of the employer
-take care in performance of work.
34
What is the legislation for the work health and safety
Work health and safety 2011
35
What are employer obligations for health and safety?
-health and safety committees for a workplace 20+ employees
-worker compensation insurance→ provides support for those employees with work related injuries
36
What is worker compensation?
compulsory insurance that employers must take out to cover employees in case of work injury.
37
What are employee obligations for health and safety?
-cooperating with other employees
38
Positives of work and safety?
-maintains employees as they feel safe
-improves productivity minimised accidents
39
What is anti discrimination?
Ensure employees are not disadvantaged because of personal characteristics, which are irrelevant in performance of work
40
What are equal employment opportunities?
Equal access job to all people
41
What happens when there is a boom in the economy?(3)
High employment ‘
Inflation increases
Higher wages
Increased hiring
Business expansion
42
What happens when there is a recession in the economy?(3)
-downsizing→ temporarily suspension of employment of employees
-lower wages
-Low employment
43
How does economic growth lead to inflation?
When demand for goods increases and businesses react by increasing prices because there isn't as much supply as before, businesses react and increase prices.
44
How does the price increase (due to inflation) affect the business?
Price increase
Cost of living increase
Employee will seek higher wages
Reduces the size of business and workforce
45
What are the positive impacts of technology?
Creates work life balance
Allows business to develop more efficient production techniques
46
What are the negative impacts of technology?
Loss of employment, technology will replace
New training programs on how to use tech
47
What are social influences?
**Changes in work patterns**
Ageing population
Living standards
women working
48
What does the change in work patterns mean?
Women working
Increased flexibility
49
What are the 4 processes of HR?
1-Acquisition
2-development
3-maintenance
4-separation
50
What is acquisition?
The process of attracting and recruiting the right staff
51
What is mentoring and coaching?
Transfer of knowledge from skilled employees to less skilled employees
52
What are the 2 types of acquisition?
Internal
External
53
What is internal acquisition?
Fill a vacancies with people from within the business
54
What is external acquisition?
Fill a vacancies with people from outside the business
55
What are the steps on recruitment?(4)
1) attract applicants
Newspaper
Advertisement
2) screenings- determining which people are right for the vacant position
3) selection
4) orientation- getting the new employee comfortable with their job
56
What is development?
Refers to enhancing the skills of an employee
57
What are 2 development strategies?
training-improve skills
performance management- evalating and providing feedback
58
Why is it important to have flexible and family friendly work arrangements?
-Important for work life balance
-Reduces separation as stops employees from re entering and leaving the workforce
59
What is maintenance?
Process of managing of staff
60
What is separation?
Process of employees leaving voluntarily or involuntarily
61
What Are The 3 Types of Voluntary separation?
-Retirement-where employees has decided to give up full time/ part time work
-resignation- where the employee leaves for personal reasons
-voluntary redundancy-where employees can nominate themself for redundancy to leave their job earlier than initially planned --> due tecnology taking over and they will nominate will recieve redundancy package
62
What Are The 3 Types of involuntary separation?
-Involuntary redundancy- were some employees may be required to leave the business
-Retrenchment- cutting back staff due to a lack of work due to a fall in demand
-dismissal- when the empolyee breaches the empolyee contract.
63
What Are the Advantages of Authoritarian leadership?
-make decision quickly
-Reduce employee stress
63
What Are The 8 Strategies of HR?
Leadership style
Job design
Recruitment
Training and development
Performance management
Rewards
Globals
Workplace disputes
64
What Are The 3 Leadership styles?
- Authoritarian
-Democratic
-Delegative
65
What is Authoritarian leadership?
Where managers lead based on the view that they are responsible for what they want their employees want done.
66
What are the disadvantages of Authoritarian leadership?
-lead to higher staff turnover
-highly dependent on the leader
67
What is Democratic leadership?
Involves the leader and one or more employees in the decision making process.
68
What Are the Advantages of Democratic leadership?
-builds team based relations
-high level of job satisfaction
-flexible workplace
69
What are the disadvantages of Democratic leadership?
Longer time to implement decision
70
What is Delegative leadership?
Allows employees to make decision however they are not responsible
70
What is job design?
Where managers develop the work activities and determine the what employee will complete what task
71
What is the aim of job design?
Design a job that is enjoyable and satisfying
72
What should managers add in job design?
-independency
-challenging work→ employees can improve and learn
- flexibility
73
What is job satisfaction?
The extent to which employees are satisfied working in their current position
74
What is job enrichment?
Making use of an employee’s talents and abilities
75
What is job rotation?
When and employee is moved through a variety of task,
- increases their skill development
-minimises boredom through the repetitive tasks
76
What is the job design process?
1) job analyse→ find gaps in work
2) design the job
3) consult with stakeholders
4)implement the change and consistently ask for feedback
77
What are the 2 types of tasks?
Specific
General
78
What Are specific tasks?
Directly match the skill of workers to the requirements of the task
79
What are the disadvantages of a specific task?
May lead to jobs that are highly repetitive which may reduce employment satisfaction
80
What Are General tasks?
Giving employees a greater variety of task
81
What is recruitment?
Attracting the right staff to fill employment vacancies.
81
What are the advantages of internal recruitment?(3)
-Cheaper and quicker
-Already familiar with the business
-Can be provided as promotion
81
What Are the 2 types of recruitment?
Internal and external
82
What are the advantages of general tasks?
-engages and motivates staff they are not focused on one repetitive task—> improves satisfaction minimises turnover
- larger skill set, improving the flexibility
83
What are the disadvantages of internal recruitment?(3)
-no new perspective
-creates vacancies in other area of the business
84
What are the advantages of external recruitment?(3)
-reduces internal conflict
-larger pool of workers
-new perspectives
85
What is performance management?
Process of evaluating employee performance to achieve the best outcomes for the business.
85
What is development?
Focusing on preparing employees for future responsibilities due to change
86
What are the disadvantages of external recruitment?(2)
-longer process
-expensive
87
What is training?
Is focused on building currents kills for work
88
What is developmental performance management?
Long term focus how individual employees can improve, by assessing their strength and weakness
88
What are the advantages of developmental performance management?
-feedback culture
- skill development
89
What is the aim of performance management?
Is the process of evaluating and managing employee performance to ensure they are helping to achieve the business's strategic objectives.
90
What are the 2 types of performance management?
Developmental and administrative
91
What are the advantages of administrative performance management? (2)
Higher productivity
Cost control
92
What is administrative performance management?
Short term focus on the needs of the business as a whole.
93
What are monetary rewards?
Has financial value, performance pay
93
What are the 2 types of rewards?
Individual and group rewards
94
What are non monetary rewards?
Does Not have financial value, extra holiday, company car
95
What are commissions?
Employees are paid a basic salary and on top that they are paid for every product they sell
96
What are fringe benefits?
Many additional perks that employees receive on to of their pay
97
What is the benefit of having a positive business culture?
Increases job satisfaction as -safe work environment, open comminution and opportunity of learning and development
98
What Are the Benefits of Group rewards?(2)
Encourages teamwork
Improves communication between staff
98
What is performance pay?
a portion of the employees wage is based on performance, once the employees reaches their set target, they get that portion of pay.
99
What Are the limitations of Group rewards?
-not all employees apply equal efforts
-conflict many occur
100
What are the 3 global HR?
COST→ high living standards → award rate
SKILL—> small population—-> skills shortage
SUPPLY—> small population—-> supply shortage
100
disadvantages of globalisation of HRM?
-negative publicity
-exploitation of global workers
- customer would like to support competition who may have the locals
101
Advantages of globalisation of HRM?
-greater labour pool, able to find skill and fill supply
-lower cost
102
What are industrial disputes?
Disagreements over n issue between employer and employee resulting employees to cease work
103
What Are some things that cause industrial disputes?
Issues with award
Working condition
104
Ways to resolve?
Negotiation
Mediation
Grievance procedure
Conciliation
Arbitration
105
What is negotiation?
Discussion between parties result in a compromise
106
Adv of negotiation?
Cost effective and allows everyone to understand the issue
107
Disadv of negotiation?
Not legally binded
108
What is mediation?
Having a neutral 3rd party, and discussed the issue
109
What is the disadvantage of mediation?
Not legally binded
110
What is the grievance procedure?
Procedure that show how to resolve workplace disputes
111
What are the advantages of the grievance procedure?
Immediate corrective action
111
disadvantage of grievance procedure?
May not solve serious issue
112
What is conciliation?
This where a conciliatory comes and gives advice and solution to resolve the problem
113
What is the disadvantage of conciliation?
More time consuming
114
What is Arbitration?
This is a legally binding process made by judge in courts
115
What is the advantage of Arbitration?
Legally binding
116
What is the disadvantage of Arbitration?
Costly
may damage business reputation
117
What areHRM indicators?
Monitor how effective management is
118
What are the HRM indicators?
**w**orker satisfaction
**a**bsenteeism
**t**urnover
**b**enchmarking
**l**evels of disputation
**a**ccidents
**c**ooporate culture
119
What is corporate culture?
The values within the business
120
What happens when there is a positive corporate culture?
Can improve employer’s reputation and can attract and retain better staff
121
What is benchmarking?
process of measuring and employee's performance against standards
122
What is staff turnover?
Rate at which employees leave a business
123
What does the business have to do when an employee leaves?
-Leave entitlements(4 weeks paid)
-Recruitment, so they have to advertise and trains again which cost
-Loss of experience
124
What does high turnover suggest?
High involuntary turnover suggest that business has poor employment relations
125
What are accidents?
Human errors may result in workplace accidents
125
What is absenteeism?
Inability to work due to sickness or family responsibilities
126
How can we use levels of dispute as a HRM indicator?
Monitoring frequence of industrial disputes indicates the effectiveness of grievance process
127
What does worker satisfaction mean?
More productive
Loyal
Less absence
