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Buisness > MOD 8 > Flashcards

MOD 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Human resource?

A

Management of the total relationship between employer and employee.

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2
Q

What is the aim of human resource management?

meet the needs

A

To assist the business to better meet the needs of their employees, to improve productivity and efficinecy.

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3
Q

How does Hr work with operations?

A

Implements training and development and makes sure work is available

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4
Q

What are the benefits of HR management?(3)

A

highly qualified workforce that
-fosters skill development
-employee recognition,
-reduces workforce conflict
.

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5
Q

How does Hr work with marketing?

A

Staff are the public face of the business and their actions will influence the customers buying

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6
Q

How does Hr work with finance?

A

Produces funds for wages and recruitment

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7
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

Transfers of a business activity to an external service provider

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8
Q

Advantages of Outsourcing?(3)

A

-cheaper—> reduces the need for business to find full time staff
-Superior service as it is specialised
- allows business to focus on core business activities

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9
Q

What are contractors?

A

Are external provider of a service to a business

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10
Q

Why do businesses hire contractors?

A

To temporarily fill a position, Cost effective

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11
Q

What are the risks of contractors?

A

-Loss of quality control
-Lack of loyalty
-Difficult on coordinating activities

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12
Q

What are the influences of HR?(7)

A

S – Stakeholders
T – Technological
E – Economic
E – Ethics and CSR
L – Legal
S – Social

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13
Q

What Are shareholders?

A

An individual or a group that has a common interest or is affected by the actions of the organisation

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14
Q

Who are employees?

A

Individuals who provide their skills to business in return for an income,

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15
Q

Who are stakeholders?

A

Anyone who has interest in the business

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16
Q

Who are employers?

A

Individual that pay others to for for the business

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17
Q

What are unions?

A

They represents employees, in an industry

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18
Q

What are employer associations?

A

Represents the employer in situations such as employers asking for raises or disputes

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19
Q

What are government organisations?

A

Provides the legal framework for business to follow

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20
Q

What is an award?

A

Legal documents which outline the
-minimum pay rates
-conditions of employment
in a particular industry.

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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of awards?

A

Prevents recognition of employees efforts and productivity

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22
Q

What Are Enterprise agreements?

A

Contracts With and employer and a group of employees about the conditions of employment and the pay rate

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23
Q

Advantages of enterprise agreements?(2)

A

Increases satisfaction
Effective up to 4 year with no striking

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24
Q

Disadvantages of enterprise agreements?(2)

A

Takes up to 6 months to be approved
Costly

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25
Q

What Are the 3 other types of contracts?

A

-Individual contract- negotiation with one employee in corporate position
-Independent contractor- self employed
-Casual- minimum conditions are set in award, not entitled to pay leave so as a compensation they receive 25% of their pay extra

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26
Q

Advantage of a contractor?

A

-Allows for greater flexibility
-Cheaper as there is less cost than employees

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27
Q

Advantage of a Casual contracts?

A

Less cost
Greater job mobility

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28
Q

What Are The 2 Minimum Employment standards?

A

-Minimum wage
-minimum employment entitles

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29
Q

What Are Some Minimum Employment standards?(4)

A

Maximum weekly hours
Parental leave
Public holiday
Annual leave

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30
Q

What is common law?

A

Developed by courts and not made in parliament, made based on decisions based on the facts of a case guided by a precedent.

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31
Q

What does the common law do?

A

Enforces the rights and responsibilities of both employer and employee.

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32
Q

What responsibilities of employers are enforced by the common law?(2)

A

-pay correct wages
-ensure a safe working environment

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33
Q

What responsibilities of employees are enforced by the common law?(2)

A

-obey the instruction of the employer
-take care in performance of work.

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34
Q

What is the legislation for the work health and safety

A

Work health and safety 2011

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35
Q

What are employer obligations for health and safety?

A

-health and safety committees for a workplace 20+ employees
-worker compensation insurance→ provides support for those employees with work related injuries

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36
Q

What is worker compensation?

A

compulsory insurance that employers must take out to cover employees in case of work injury.

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37
Q

What are employee obligations for health and safety?

A

-cooperating with other employees

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38
Q

Positives of work and safety?

A

-maintains employees as they feel safe
-improves productivity minimised accidents

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39
Q

What is anti discrimination?

A

Ensure employees are not disadvantaged because of personal characteristics, which are irrelevant in performance of work

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40
Q

What are equal employment opportunities?

A

Equal access job to all people

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41
Q

What happens when there is a boom in the economy?(3)

A

High employment ‘
Inflation increases
Higher wages
Increased hiring
Business expansion

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42
Q

What happens when there is a recession in the economy?(3)

A

-downsizing→ temporarily suspension of employment of employees
-lower wages
-Low employment

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43
Q

How does economic growth lead to inflation?

A

When demand for goods increases and businesses react by increasing prices because there isn’t as much supply as before, businesses react and increase prices.

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44
Q

How does the price increase (due to inflation) affect the business?

A

Price increase
Cost of living increase
Employee will seek higher wages
Reduces the size of business and workforce

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45
Q

What are the positive impacts of technology?

A

Creates work life balance
Allows business to develop more efficient production techniques

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46
Q

What are the negative impacts of technology?

A

Loss of employment, technology will replace
New training programs on how to use tech

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47
Q

What are social influences?

A

Changes in work patterns
Ageing population
Living standards
women working

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48
Q

What does the change in work patterns mean?

A

Women working
Increased flexibility

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49
Q

What are the 4 processes of HR?

A

1-Acquisition
2-development
3-maintenance
4-separation

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50
Q

What is acquisition?

A

The process of attracting and recruiting the right staff

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51
Q

What is mentoring and coaching?

A

Transfer of knowledge from skilled employees to less skilled employees

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52
Q

What are the 2 types of acquisition?

A

Internal
External

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53
Q

What is internal acquisition?

A

Fill a vacancies with people from within the business

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54
Q

What is external acquisition?

A

Fill a vacancies with people from outside the business

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55
Q

What are the steps on recruitment?(4)

A

1) attract applicants
Newspaper
Advertisement
2) screenings- determining which people are right for the vacant position
3) selection
4) orientation- getting the new employee comfortable with their job

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56
Q

What is development?

A

Refers to enhancing the skills of an employee

57
Q

What are 2 development strategies?

A

training-improve skills
performance management- evalating and providing feedback

58
Q

Why is it important to have flexible and family friendly work arrangements?

A

-Important for work life balance
-Reduces separation as stops employees from re entering and leaving the workforce

59
Q

What is maintenance?

A

Process of managing of staff

60
Q

What is separation?

A

Process of employees leaving voluntarily or involuntarily

61
Q

What Are The 3 Types of Voluntary separation?

A

-Retirement-where employees has decided to give up full time/ part time work
-resignation- where the employee leaves for personal reasons
-voluntary redundancy-where employees can nominate themself for redundancy to leave their job earlier than initially planned –> due tecnology taking over and they will nominate will recieve redundancy package

62
Q

What Are The 3 Types of involuntary separation?

A

-Involuntary redundancy- were some employees may be required to leave the business
-Retrenchment- cutting back staff due to a lack of work due to a fall in demand
-dismissal- when the empolyee breaches the empolyee contract.

63
Q

What Are the Advantages of Authoritarian leadership?

A

-make decision quickly
-Reduce employee stress

63
Q

What Are The 8 Strategies of HR?

A

Leadership style
Job design
Recruitment
Training and development
Performance management
Rewards
Globals
Workplace disputes

64
Q

What Are The 3 Leadership styles?

A
  • Authoritarian
    -Democratic
    -Delegative
65
Q

What is Authoritarian leadership?

A

Where managers lead based on the view that they are responsible for what they want their employees want done.

66
Q

What are the disadvantages of Authoritarian leadership?

A

-lead to higher staff turnover
-highly dependent on the leader

67
Q

What is Democratic leadership?

A

Involves the leader and one or more employees in the decision making process.

68
Q

What Are the Advantages of Democratic leadership?

A

-builds team based relations
-high level of job satisfaction
-flexible workplace

69
Q

What are the disadvantages of Democratic leadership?

A

Longer time to implement decision

70
Q

What is Delegative leadership?

A

Allows employees to make decision however they are not responsible

70
Q

What is job design?

A

Where managers develop the work activities and determine the what employee will complete what task

71
Q

What is the aim of job design?

A

Design a job that is enjoyable and satisfying

72
Q

What should managers add in job design?

A

-independency
-challenging work→ employees can improve and learn
- flexibility

73
Q

What is job satisfaction?

A

The extent to which employees are satisfied working in their current position

74
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

Making use of an employee’s talents and abilities

75
Q

What is job rotation?

A

When and employee is moved through a variety of task,
- increases their skill development
-minimises boredom through the repetitive tasks

76
Q

What is the job design process?

A

1) job analyse→ find gaps in work
2) design the job
3) consult with stakeholders
4)implement the change and consistently ask for feedback

77
Q

What are the 2 types of tasks?

A

Specific
General

78
Q

What Are specific tasks?

A

Directly match the skill of workers to the requirements of the task

79
Q

What are the disadvantages of a specific task?

A

May lead to jobs that are highly repetitive which may reduce employment satisfaction

80
Q

What Are General tasks?

A

Giving employees a greater variety of task

81
Q

What is recruitment?

A

Attracting the right staff to fill employment vacancies.

81
Q

What are the advantages of internal recruitment?(3)

A

-Cheaper and quicker
-Already familiar with the business
-Can be provided as promotion

81
Q

What Are the 2 types of recruitment?

A

Internal and external

82
Q

What are the advantages of general tasks?

A

-engages and motivates staff they are not focused on one repetitive task—> improves satisfaction minimises turnover
- larger skill set, improving the flexibility

83
Q

What are the disadvantages of internal recruitment?(3)

A

-no new perspective
-creates vacancies in other area of the business

84
Q

What are the advantages of external recruitment?(3)

A

-reduces internal conflict
-larger pool of workers
-new perspectives

85
Q

What is performance management?

A

Process of evaluating employee performance to achieve the best outcomes for the business.

85
Q

What is development?

A

Focusing on preparing employees for future responsibilities due to change

86
Q

What are the disadvantages of external recruitment?(2)

A

-longer process
-expensive

87
Q

What is training?

A

Is focused on building currents kills for work

88
Q

What is developmental performance management?

A

Long term focus how individual employees can improve, by assessing their strength and weakness

88
Q

What are the advantages of developmental performance management?

A

-feedback culture
- skill development

89
Q

What is the aim of performance management?

A

Is the process of evaluating and managing employee performance to ensure they are helping to achieve the business’s strategic objectives.

90
Q

What are the 2 types of performance management?

A

Developmental and administrative

91
Q

What are the advantages of administrative performance management? (2)

A

Higher productivity
Cost control

92
Q

What is administrative performance management?

A

Short term focus on the needs of the business as a whole.

93
Q

What are monetary rewards?

A

Has financial value, performance pay

93
Q

What are the 2 types of rewards?

A

Individual and group rewards

94
Q

What are non monetary rewards?

A

Does Not have financial value, extra holiday, company car

95
Q

What are commissions?

A

Employees are paid a basic salary and on top that they are paid for every product they sell

96
Q

What are fringe benefits?

A

Many additional perks that employees receive on to of their pay

97
Q

What is the benefit of having a positive business culture?

A

Increases job satisfaction as -safe work environment, open comminution and opportunity of learning and development

98
Q

What Are the Benefits of Group rewards?(2)

A

Encourages teamwork
Improves communication between staff

98
Q

What is performance pay?

A

a portion of the employees wage is based on performance, once the employees reaches their set target, they get that portion of pay.

99
Q

What Are the limitations of Group rewards?

A

-not all employees apply equal efforts
-conflict many occur

100
Q

What are the 3 global HR?

A

COST→ high living standards → award rate
SKILL—> small population—-> skills shortage
SUPPLY—> small population—-> supply shortage

100
Q

disadvantages of globalisation of HRM?

A

-negative publicity
-exploitation of global workers
- customer would like to support competition who may have the locals

101
Q

Advantages of globalisation of HRM?

A

-greater labour pool, able to find skill and fill supply
-lower cost

102
Q

What are industrial disputes?

A

Disagreements over n issue between employer and employee resulting employees to cease work

103
Q

What Are some things that cause industrial disputes?

A

Issues with award
Working condition

104
Q

Ways to resolve?

A

Negotiation
Mediation
Grievance procedure
Conciliation
Arbitration

105
Q

What is negotiation?

A

Discussion between parties result in a compromise

106
Q

Adv of negotiation?

A

Cost effective and allows everyone to understand the issue

107
Q

Disadv of negotiation?

A

Not legally binded

108
Q

What is mediation?

A

Having a neutral 3rd party, and discussed the issue

109
Q

What is the disadvantage of mediation?

A

Not legally binded

110
Q

What is the grievance procedure?

A

Procedure that show how to resolve workplace disputes

111
Q

What are the advantages of the grievance procedure?

A

Immediate corrective action

111
Q

disadvantage of grievance procedure?

A

May not solve serious issue

112
Q

What is conciliation?

A

This where a conciliatory comes and gives advice and solution to resolve the problem

113
Q

What is the disadvantage of conciliation?

A

More time consuming

114
Q

What is Arbitration?

A

This is a legally binding process made by judge in courts

115
Q

What is the advantage of Arbitration?

A

Legally binding

116
Q

What is the disadvantage of Arbitration?

A

Costly
may damage business reputation

117
Q

What areHRM indicators?

A

Monitor how effective management is

118
Q

What are the HRM indicators?

A

worker satisfaction
absenteeism
turnover
benchmarking
levels of disputation
accidents
cooporate culture

119
Q

What is corporate culture?

A

The values within the business

120
Q

What happens when there is a positive corporate culture?

A

Can improve employer’s reputation and can attract and retain better staff

121
Q

What is benchmarking?

A

process of measuring and employee’s performance against standards

122
Q

What is staff turnover?

A

Rate at which employees leave a business

123
Q

What does the business have to do when an employee leaves?

A

-Leave entitlements(4 weeks paid)
-Recruitment, so they have to advertise and trains again which cost
-Loss of experience

124
Q

What does high turnover suggest?

A

High involuntary turnover suggest that business has poor employment relations

125
Q

What are accidents?

A

Human errors may result in workplace accidents

125
Q

What is absenteeism?

A

Inability to work due to sickness or family responsibilities

126
Q

How can we use levels of dispute as a HRM indicator?

A

Monitoring frequence of industrial disputes indicates the effectiveness of grievance process

127
Q

What does worker satisfaction mean?

A

More productive
Loyal
Less absence

Buisness (5 decks)

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