Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Mod. 7 Inq. 1 > Flashcards

Mod. 7 Inq. 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Health Definition

A

a state of complete physical, emotional and social wellbeing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Disease Definition

A

any condition that adversely (negatively) affects the function of any part of a living thing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are infectious diseases

A

caused by pathogenic. Diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are non-infectious diseases?

A

-not caused by pathogens
- not contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism that causes a disease, which can be transmitted from person to person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are bacteria as pathogens?

A
  • microscopic living organisms
  • Prokaryotes
  • Grow and reproduce rapidly in good conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of bacteria

A
  • Salmonella
  • Tonsilitis
  • Pink eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are protozoa/protists as pathogens

A
  • microscopic single-celled organisms with internal membranes
  • Eukaryotes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of protozoa/protists

A
  • malaria
  • cryptosporidium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are fungi as pathogens

A
  • some are unicellular organisms such as yeast and mould, others consist of long branching threads
  • Eukaryotes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of fungi

A

ringworm
tinea
thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are viruses as pathogens

A
  • consist of DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein, live inside living cells
  • they are so small that they cannot be seen with a light microscope
  • hijack your cells and force it to make more and more virus until it explodes
  • very hard to kill because they are non-living
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of viruses

A
  • cold sores
  • Ebola
  • flu
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are parasites as pathogens

A
  • a multicellular organism (eukaryotic) which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of parasites

A
  • tick
  • tape worm
  • flea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are prions as pathogens?

A
  • these are proteins produces in the brain. All adult vertebrate animals produce them, and they are harmless in their normal form. It is only when they fold into an abnormal structure that they can cause disease.
  • These affect the nervous
17
Q

Examples of prions

A

Mad cow disease

18
Q

What are forms of direct transmission

A
  • touching
  • sexual contact
  • kissing
  • biting
  • blood contact
19
Q

What are forms of indirect transmission?

A
  • airborne transmission
  • touching infected surfaces
  • contaminated food or water
  • infected surgical instruments
  • vector transmission
20
Q

Vector transmission

A
  • Vectors carry the pathogens
  • pathogen is injected into the host by the vector
21
Q

Examples of Vector Transmission

A
  • Malaria caused by a protist parasite
  • Bubonic plague (black death) in the guts if rat fleas
22
Q

What is an epidemic

A

when the number of people infected with a disease is higher than usual. Occurs when the occurrence of the disease in an area suuddenly increases among the population.

23
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

if the disease occurrence increase at a global level and across continents

24
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

suggested life could come into existence from non-living matter.

25
Q

Louis Pasteur experiment and findings

A
  • swan neck flasks - one broken neck
    only broken neck flask grows microbes
  • disproved spontaneous generation
  • supports germ theory
26
Q

Robert Koch experiment and findings

A
  • extracted anthrax from sheep and injected the grown colonies into healthy mice
  • the mice developed anthrax
  • it showed link from disease to a causative agent
27
Q

Koch’s Postulates

A
  1. suspected causative agents absent from all healthy organisms, and present in all diseased organisms
  2. must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
  3. must cause the same disease when inoculated in healthy host
  4. same agent must be re-isolated from inoculated host
28
Q

Why are infectious diseases becoming an increasing threat to the agricultural industry?

A
  • resistance to herbicides/pesticides
  • can’t kill viruses
  • monocultures
  • decreasing genetic diversity
  • increasing human population
  • intensive agriculture
  • climate change
29
Q

What does the pathogen need to do to cause a disease?

A
  • enter host tissue
  • resist host immune system
  • damage the host
30
Q

Viral adaptations

A
  • need to enter the host cell nucleus for reproduction
  • viral surface proteins can adhere to host cell surface receptors
  • this triggers endocytosis
31
Q

Bacterial Adaptations

A
  • have specialised structures to help them attach called fimbriae and pili
    helps resist the washing action of secretions such as mucous and urine
  • clump together in colonies to produce a biofilm which adds extra protection against the host’s chemicals
32
Q

Protist adaptations

A
  • parasite protists possess a variety of methods to invade host cells
33
Q

Fungal adaptations

A
  • have specialised attachment structures to help with adhesion
  • can produce capsules to help protect them from host exposure
  • can produce heat shock proteins to cope with increase in body temperature
34
Q

Macro Parasite Adaptations

A
  • need to attach to a host and resist removal
  • have highly specialised mouth parts secrete chemicals that prevent an immune response
  • E.g. ticks

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions