Mod. 5 Inq. 2

Question 1

Mitosis Stages

Answer 1

Prophase: chromatids condense and become visible through a light microscope
Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and attach to spindles
Anaphase: sister chromatids break apart and go to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase: DNA decondenses and nucleus divides into two
Cytokinesis: cytoplasm is divided and cell splits in two

Question 2

What are the sites of mitosis?

Answer 2

Bone marrow and skin cells

Question 3

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 3

One maternal and paternal chromosome that meet up in a pair.

Question 4

What is Meiosis I

Answer 4

Same process as mitosis, where the cell splits into 2 daughter cells.

Question 5

Stages of Meiosis II

Answer 5

Prophase II: chromosomes coil up and nuclear membrane disintegrates
Metaphase II: sister chromatids align in the centre of the cell
Anaphase II: chromatids separate
Telophase II & Cytokinesis II: chromatids uncoil into chromatin and nuclear membrane reforms from 2 diploid cells into 4 haploid daughter cells.

Question 6

Haploid vs Diploid cells

Answer 6

Haploid: only 1 set of chromosomes
Diploid: two sets of chromosomes

Question 7

What ensures the increase of variation in species during meiosis?

Answer 7

• crossing over
• random segregation

Question 8

Outline the process of DNA replication

Answer 8

1. DNA strand in unzipped by DNA helicase
2. Primer binds to the 3’ end of the strand to begin replication
3. DNA polymerase adds matching bases of DNA to each strand
4. Exonuclease ‘proofreads’ new strands and fixes any errors