Mod 5 First Review Flashcards
At what volume is blood loss considered serious
1000 cc
What to do for epistaxis
Softly pinch nose and lean forward
What are early signs of shock
Increased heart rate, rapid breathing, pale/cool skin, weakness, altered mental status, nausea
What are late signs of shock
Low blood pressure, weak pulse, rapid shallow breathing
What is worse tension pneumothorax or hemopneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax because is forced one lung to work harder
Coup countercoup vs compression injury
Unlike coup-countercoup injuries, which involve impacts and rebounds, compression injuries focus on the effects of forces that compress
What priority are hysterical patent’s treated as in a triage
Immediate so they don’t spread panic
Rule of 9
Head and Neck: 9%. Each Arm (Upper and Lower): 9% each (18% total for both arms), Front of the Torso: 18%, Back of the Torso: 18%, Each Leg (Upper and Lower): 18% each (36% total for both legs, Genital Area: 1%
What can hypothermia result in
Coagulopathy
What is attaxic
lack of coordination or the failure of muscle movement to be well-coordinated
What is Chenye strokes breathing
specific pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase in the depth and rate of breathing, followed by a gradual decrease
Shunting
redirection or diversion of a fluid or flow from one pathway to another
What are sign and symptoms of internal bleeding the same as
Shock
Partial thickness burns cause
Swelling and blistering
Sprain vs strain
Sprain is bone to bone, strain is muscle to bone
Deadly triad
Acidosis, hypothermia, Coagulopathy
Beck’s triad
JVD, narrowing blood pressure, and muffled heart sounds
Cushings triad
Blood pressure goes up, heart rate goes down respitory rate stays the same
Herniation symptoms
Decorate or decelabate posturing
6 P’s
Pain, pallor, pulse, pressure, paralysis, Paresthesia
4 types of shock
Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, obstructive
Types of distributive shock
Septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic
Types of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax
Types of neurogenic shock
Spinal cord or drug induced
Types of cardiogenic shock
Heart attack, heart failure
What is a sign of a partial (2nd degree) burn
Blistering
How much blood can the average adult chest cavity hold
3 liters
Compartment syndrome
increased pressure within a muscle compartment, which can lead to decreased blood flow and potential damage to muscles and nerves
Malar, maxilla, mandible
Malar: zygomatic/cheek bone
Maxilla: upper jawbone
Mandible: lower jawbone
What is a sign of head trauma in pupils
Dilated pupils
Hyperventilating does what to the brain
Decreases blood flow/oxygen
GCS of what requires trauma center
13
Respitory rate under what critical in infants
20
Elements of revised trauma score
GCS, BP, RR
Body in water loses heat how many times faster
25
What is heat stroke caused by
Body heat reg failure
Difference in mental effects between heat stroke and heat exhaustion
Heat stroke is more neurological effects while exhaustion is more dizziness, confusion, distortion
What do brown reclusive bites feel like
Usually painless
Where do tournakits go
2 inches above the wound
What type of fracture is a shattered bone
Communicable fracture
What level a should an EMT be trained to for responding to hazardous situations
Awareness levels
Where should the safe/cold zone be
Upwind and on level ground (or higher)
Where are decontamination and EMT located
Decon in warm zone, EMT in cold zone
