Mod 5 Exam 3 Flashcards
Post term infant
Born after 42nd week
PKU - S/ S
Tyrosine needed for dopamin production - intellectualy disability, seizure, mood disorder (depression, anxiety), motor dysfunction, and behav problems. NEED a diet low in phenylalanine
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
A group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mom drank alcohol during pregnancy. Causes physical anomalies, developmental impairment, intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, sensory problems.
Name the TORCH infections
Toxoplasma Others: Syphilis, hepatitis, HIV, chlamydia, zika Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes
Nutrient deficiency - iodine
Fetal thyroid hormone production impaired - causes congenital hypothyroidism. Fetus will have impaired physical growth and intellectual disability.
Dysmelia
Limb anomalies
Amelia
Lacking one or more limbs
Syndactyly
Fused fingers
Ventricular septal defect
Septum is malformed, blood can L ventricle can go to R. Risk of pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Ventricular septal defect
- Pulmonary artery stenosis
- R ventricular hypertrophy
- Overriding aorta
Atrophy
Decrease in cell size and function, from disuse, lack of normal physiological support, denervation
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell number due to increased cell division. Ex: Callouses on hands and feet
What are the functional deficits associated with Spina bifida?
Occulta has no functional deficit, other two can have leg weakness/ paralysis, othopedic abnormailities (club foot, scoliosis, hip dislocation), bladder and bowel problems.
APGAR
Appearance (cyanosis) Pulse Grimace (response to catheter up the nose) Activity (muscle tone) Respiration
max score is 10
<7 neonate need medical attention
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Infant born with immature lungs - collapsed alveoli. Breathing is labored > hypoxia, fluid accumulated in lungs, infants suffocate bc their breathing muscles become tired. Risk factors: <28 weeks = 50% risk of RDS
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Regulates re-absorption. osmotic pressure exerted by the suspension of large proteins in blood (mainly albumin). BCOP higher at venous end bc lower blood volume from weaker BHP.
Purpura
Type of hematoma, up to 1 cm in diameter.
Ecchymosis
Type of hematoma, > 1 cm in diameter.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)
Inflammation causes platelet activation, and thombi form in small vessels of major organs - risk multi organ failure. Consumption of coagulation factors leads to increased risk of hemorrhage. Associated with sepsis, cancers, traumatic injury, autoimmune diseases, snake bites
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
Associated with some infections like E. Coli, where toxins damage glomerular endothelial cells –> thrombi in small vessels of kidney –> ischemia. RBCs may be shredded when passing through fibrin mesh –> hemolytic anemia.
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiac muscle lacks mechanical power to maintain BP. Cause: MI, destruction of myocardium or endocardium.
Genotype
Combination of alleles of a person.
Allele
Different versions of a gene - ex: blue eyes, brown eyes, green eyes
Pleiotropism
One gene can influence two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits
