Mod 5 Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Post term infant

A

Born after 42nd week

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2
Q

PKU - S/ S

A

Tyrosine needed for dopamin production - intellectualy disability, seizure, mood disorder (depression, anxiety), motor dysfunction, and behav problems. NEED a diet low in phenylalanine

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3
Q

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

A

A group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mom drank alcohol during pregnancy. Causes physical anomalies, developmental impairment, intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, sensory problems.

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4
Q

Name the TORCH infections

A
Toxoplasma 
Others: Syphilis, hepatitis, HIV, chlamydia, zika
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
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5
Q

Nutrient deficiency - iodine

A

Fetal thyroid hormone production impaired - causes congenital hypothyroidism. Fetus will have impaired physical growth and intellectual disability.

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6
Q

Dysmelia

A

Limb anomalies

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7
Q

Amelia

A

Lacking one or more limbs

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8
Q

Syndactyly

A

Fused fingers

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9
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

Septum is malformed, blood can L ventricle can go to R. Risk of pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure.

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10
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  1. Ventricular septal defect
  2. Pulmonary artery stenosis
  3. R ventricular hypertrophy
  4. Overriding aorta
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11
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in cell size and function, from disuse, lack of normal physiological support, denervation

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12
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number due to increased cell division. Ex: Callouses on hands and feet

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13
Q

What are the functional deficits associated with Spina bifida?

A

Occulta has no functional deficit, other two can have leg weakness/ paralysis, othopedic abnormailities (club foot, scoliosis, hip dislocation), bladder and bowel problems.

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14
Q

APGAR

A
Appearance (cyanosis)
Pulse 
Grimace (response to catheter up the nose)
Activity (muscle tone)
Respiration 

max score is 10
<7 neonate need medical attention

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15
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

A

Infant born with immature lungs - collapsed alveoli. Breathing is labored > hypoxia, fluid accumulated in lungs, infants suffocate bc their breathing muscles become tired. Risk factors: <28 weeks = 50% risk of RDS

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16
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

A

Regulates re-absorption. osmotic pressure exerted by the suspension of large proteins in blood (mainly albumin). BCOP higher at venous end bc lower blood volume from weaker BHP.

17
Q

Purpura

A

Type of hematoma, up to 1 cm in diameter.

18
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Type of hematoma, > 1 cm in diameter.

19
Q

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)

A

Inflammation causes platelet activation, and thombi form in small vessels of major organs - risk multi organ failure. Consumption of coagulation factors leads to increased risk of hemorrhage. Associated with sepsis, cancers, traumatic injury, autoimmune diseases, snake bites

20
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

A

Associated with some infections like E. Coli, where toxins damage glomerular endothelial cells –> thrombi in small vessels of kidney –> ischemia. RBCs may be shredded when passing through fibrin mesh –> hemolytic anemia.

21
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Cardiac muscle lacks mechanical power to maintain BP. Cause: MI, destruction of myocardium or endocardium.

22
Q

Genotype

A

Combination of alleles of a person.

23
Q

Allele

A

Different versions of a gene - ex: blue eyes, brown eyes, green eyes

24
Q

Pleiotropism

A

One gene can influence two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits

25
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

The dominant trait is not dominant enough to mask the recessive trait - gives a blended phenotype. Ex: HH = straight hair, Hh = wavy hair, hh = curly hair