Mod 5 (Energy Metabolism)

Question 1

Calculate Bob’s caloric expenditure if he runs on a treadmill for 30 min at an oxygen consumption rate of 3L/min.

Answer 1

450 kcal

Question 2

True / False: Ketogenic amino acids are capable of being converted to glucose when needed

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following is a key trait of the aerobic energy pathways?

Answer 3

It can produce energy using any macronutrient

Question 4

True / False: The immediate role of glucose entering the body is to be utilized as a fuel first, then it is stored next for when it may be needed

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True / False: Any stored carbohydrates in muscle or liver tissue can be released into circulation as needed to maintain blood sugar

Answer 5

false - only liver can release glucose back into blood

Question 6

One glucose molecule in muscle and brain cells yields

Answer 6

36 ATP

Question 7

One glycogen molecule in muscle and brain cells yields

Answer 7

37 ATP

Question 8

One glucose molecule in liver, kidney, and cardiac cells yields

Answer 8

38 ATP

Question 9

One glycogen molecule in liver, kidney, and cardiac cells yields

Answer 9

39 ATP

Question 10

True / False: No part of the triglyceride molecule can be converted to glucose

Answer 10

false - glycerol portion can enter glycolysis

Question 11

True/False: Our most immediate energy pathway is the fast glycolytic system

Answer 11

false

Question 12

True / False: During low-intensity activity, the body favors plasma fatty acids and glucose over muscle triglycerides and glycogen in order to conserve those stores

Answer 12

true

Question 13

True / False: At very high-intensities, the body is forced to rely predominantly upon muscle stores because the availability of fuel from the blood is inadequate in producing sufficient energy to meet the ATP demand

Answer 13

true

Question 14

True / False: During endurance-type activities, we become more reliant upon stored fats from our adipose tissue and any ingested carbohydrates as the exercise bout proceeds over the subsequent hours

Answer 14

true - As our muscle stores deplete, we rely more upon what can be delivered via the blood

Question 15

Which of the following represents a possible fate for Pyruvate?

Answer 15

Converted to Acetyl-coA

Question 16

True / False: The transition from sitting-to-standing or standing-to-light jogging is fueled almost exclusively by our aerobic pathway

Answer 16

false

Question 17

The accumulation of which compound in this energy system is believed to activate the enzyme creatine kinase that then splits CrP?

Answer 17

ADP

Question 18

True / False: The primary limitation within this energy system is the inability to produce CrP fast enough during exercise

Answer 18

false - limitation is the inability to produce more ATP as CrP becomes depleted

Question 19

True / False: It is the accumulation of pyruvate and the inability to remove H+ ions (passed to the mitochondria) that can slow glycolysis

Answer 19

true

Question 20

True / False: Although lactate is not considered a waste product produced during anaerobic respiration, it is not considered a energy source

Answer 20

false - can be converted back into pyruvate and then glucose

Question 21

True / False: When exercising, it is the limitations of the blood’s buffering system that may lead to the tingling, burning sensation experienced in the muscle as it shuts down - forcing a much needed recovery

Answer 21

true - When the buffer can no longer be produced to match it rate of depletion, it will delete at which point the blood can no longer accommodate any further H+ ion spillover into the blood. The H+ ions now accumulate in the muscle, which triggers that sensation.

Question 22

True / False: At some point, what is simply needed to allow the fast glycolytic energy system to function is time - time to regenerate our lactate buffer. If not the only other option is to reduce exercise intensity in order to reduce H+ ion spillover into the blood

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Which term defines the ketotic state most individuals enter in the early morning even after eating a meal containing carbohydrates the previous evening?

Answer 23

nutritional ketosis

Question 25

True / False: Fasted cardio, while potentially increasing fat utilization has many negative consequences that should always be considered

Answer 25

true

Question 26

True / False: Women are generally better suited to shorter, more-intense bouts of exercise than their male counterparts

Answer 26

false - Females have more limited capacity for anaerobic work, hence cannot sustain such high-intensity bouts as their male counterpart.

Question 27

Which location provides the primary source of fuel during the 3-hour mark of an endurance-training workout?

Answer 27

plasma free fatty acids

Question 28

Which energy system would contribute MOST significantly to completing a vertical jump

Answer 28

phosphagen system

Question 29

Which energy system would contribute MOST significantly to a 60-min run around a track at a 6-out-of-10 effort?

Answer 29

oxidative system

Question 30

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate A - Hydrogen ions released during lactate production are primarily responsible for blood acidosis B - An accumulation of ADP during exercise will inhibit creatine kinase activity. C - In non-muscle cells, lactate an be converted back to glucose, implying that it is an energy source.

Answer 30

C

Question 31

In order for Acetyl-CoA to enter the Krebs cycle, it must bind with ______________

Answer 31

oxaloacetate

Question 32

True / False: Ketones are a byproduct of incompletely metabolized fats that are produced in muscles cells and transported to the liver where they can be used as a fuel

Answer 32

false

Question 33

True/ False: The main form of ketones present in the blood is called acetoacetate

Answer 33

false

Question 34

True / False: The ketotic state that many of us experience first thing in the morning after an overnight fast is call nutritional ketosis

Answer 34

true

Question 35

True / False: Fasted, aerobic exercise is an effective way to increase fat utilization in the body without any consequence

Answer 35

false