MOD 5 Flashcards
Sexual Reproduction (ad/dis)
reproduction involving a male and female sex. Offspring will inherit unique combination of genes. Male and female must encounter each other for reproduction to occur.
Asexual Reproduction (ad/dis)
reproduction involving no sexes, and instead self-production. Produces large amounts of offspring quickly to take advantage of the environment. Less genetic variation as there is less variation in the population.
DNA replication
DNA replication is the process by which the double stranded DNA molecule is unzipped by enzymes, and free nucleotides bind to each of the exposed backbones to create two identical DNA molecules.
Helicase
Helicase responsible for the unzipping of the original DNA molecule in DNA replication.
DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase in the presence of the free nucleotides, will attract them in DNA replication.
Leading Strand
The leading strand represents the replicated molecule that moves in the direction of the replication fork and is continuously synthesised. (5-3 primer sequence).
Lagging Strand
The lagging strand is the original strand which moves in the opposite direction of the replication fork and is discontinuously synthesised through Okazaki (short) fragments. (5-3 primer sequence).
Genotype
A person’s genotype is their unique sequence of DNA.
Phenotype
Phenotype refers to an individual’s observable traits, such as height, eye colour and blood type.
Allele
the word that we use to describe the alternative form or versions of a gene.
Autosomal
means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. (no X or Y)
Recessive
Refers to a trait that is expressed only when genotype is homozygous; a trait that tends to be masked by other inherited traits.
Dominant
Refers to a trait that is expressed when the genotype is homozygous or heterozygous; trait is never masked by other inherited traits.
Homozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.