Mod 4 Flashcards
How do the genitalia and urinary systems develop in relation to each other
Both develop at the same time
Where do genitalia and the urinary system arise from and what are their initial form
Arise from the mesoderm
Takes the form of the wolffian body
How is the sex of the embryo determined
By the father
When does genitalia tracts become distinct
After week 7
Yolk sac
Germ sex cells that the embryo originates from
Differentiate from other germ cells, migrate to the gonadal ridge
Gonadal ridge
Anteromedial side of wolffian duct
Wolffian ducts
AKA mesonephros
Testes inducer hormones causes the differentiation and growth of wolffian ducts from Müllerian ducts
Only seen in males
Müllerian Ducts
AKA paramesonephric ducts
Paired with wolffian ducts
Stimulated by maternal hormones, estrogen, if no male hormones are detected
Form the: Fallopian tubes,uterus, proximal vagina
Vagina
Dual origin
- upper portion from Müllerian ducts
- lower from urogenital sinus
What happens if the fusion of the vagina is incomplete
An imperforate hymen
Cranial ends of Müllerian ducts form
Fallopian tubes
Caudal ends of Müllerian ducts form
Uterus and upper vagina
Abnormal Müllerian duct developments
Arrested development
Failure of fusion
Incomplete reorption
Arrested Development
Occurs if one or both Müllerian ducts do not develop
Ex: uterine aplasia, unicornuate uterus, MRKH syndrome
MRKH syndrome
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser
Complete agensis of uterus and vagina
Failure of fusion of Müllerian ducts results in the formation of what
Uterus didelphys
Uterus bicornis bicollis
Uterus bicornis unicollis
Uterus arcutus
Uterus didelphys
2 complete systems
Higher association of renal agenesis
Uterus bicornis bicollis
1 vagina
2 cervix
2 uterus
Uterus bicornis unicollis
1 vagina
1 cervix
2 horns of uterus
Most commonly seen on ultrasound
Bicornuate uterus
AKA uterus bicornis
Serosal indent is greater than 10mm at fundus
Uterus arcutus
Indentation of greater than 1cm at fundus
Incomplete resorption of septum after Müllerian ducts fuse causes what
Uterus septus
Uterus subseptus
Most common of all mullerian anomalies
-poorest reproductive outcomes
Uterus subseptus
Particle septum remains, only partially down the canal
Why does having a uterus septus result in poor reproductive outcomes?
Can it be fixed and if so how?
Septus does not have good vascular supply to support pregnancy
Yes, it can be corrected by having the septum removed through surgery
Cam surgery be done on bicornutes to fix there shape
No
Septate uterus
Serosal surface has normal contour
Has indentation greater than 1cm from fundus to endometrium
Septum is the entire endometrial canal
Most common anomaly associated with reproductive failure- 67%
T shaped uterus
Specific uterine anomaly cause by exposer to DES while an embryo
Have less uterian volume, resulting in preterm deliveries
Not viable on ultrasound only by hysterosalpingograms
DES
Diethylstibestrol
Drug given to stop spontaneous abortion
Discontinued in 1971 after it caused cell carcinoma of the vagina, also associated with breast cancer
Now used to treat patients with seizures
Thalidomide
Drug used in the 50-60’s to lessen morning sickness
Caused limb abnormalities
Being used to combat symptoms of AIDS and Leprosy
