Mod 4

Question 1

How do the genitalia and urinary systems develop in relation to each other

Answer 1

Both develop at the same time

Question 2

Where do genitalia and the urinary system arise from and what are their initial form

Answer 2

Arise from the mesoderm

Takes the form of the wolffian body

Question 3

How is the sex of the embryo determined

Answer 3

By the father

Question 4

When does genitalia tracts become distinct

Answer 4

After week 7

Question 5

Yolk sac

Answer 5

Germ sex cells that the embryo originates from

Differentiate from other germ cells, migrate to the gonadal ridge

Question 6

Gonadal ridge

Answer 6

Anteromedial side of wolffian duct

Question 7

Wolffian ducts

Answer 7

AKA mesonephros
Testes inducer hormones causes the differentiation and growth of wolffian ducts from Müllerian ducts
Only seen in males

Question 8

Müllerian Ducts

Answer 8

AKA paramesonephric ducts
Paired with wolffian ducts
Stimulated by maternal hormones, estrogen, if no male hormones are detected
Form the: Fallopian tubes,uterus, proximal vagina

Question 9

Vagina

Answer 9

Dual origin

• upper portion from Müllerian ducts
• lower from urogenital sinus

Question 10

What happens if the fusion of the vagina is incomplete

Answer 10

An imperforate hymen

Question 11

Cranial ends of Müllerian ducts form

Answer 11

Fallopian tubes

Question 12

Caudal ends of Müllerian ducts form

Answer 12

Uterus and upper vagina

Question 13

Abnormal Müllerian duct developments

Answer 13

Arrested development
Failure of fusion
Incomplete reorption

Question 14

Arrested Development

Answer 14

Occurs if one or both Müllerian ducts do not develop

Ex: uterine aplasia, unicornuate uterus, MRKH syndrome

Question 15

MRKH syndrome

Answer 15

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser

Complete agensis of uterus and vagina

Question 16

Failure of fusion of Müllerian ducts results in the formation of what

Answer 16

Uterus didelphys
Uterus bicornis bicollis
Uterus bicornis unicollis
Uterus arcutus

Question 17

Uterus didelphys

Answer 17

2 complete systems

Higher association of renal agenesis

Question 18

Uterus bicornis bicollis

Answer 18

1 vagina
2 cervix
2 uterus

Question 19

Uterus bicornis unicollis

Answer 19

1 vagina
1 cervix
2 horns of uterus

Most commonly seen on ultrasound

Question 20

Bicornuate uterus

Answer 20

AKA uterus bicornis

Serosal indent is greater than 10mm at fundus

Question 21

Uterus arcutus

Answer 21

Indentation of greater than 1cm at fundus

Question 22

Incomplete resorption of septum after Müllerian ducts fuse causes what

Answer 22

Uterus septus
Uterus subseptus

Most common of all mullerian anomalies
-poorest reproductive outcomes

Question 23

Uterus subseptus

Answer 23

Particle septum remains, only partially down the canal

Question 24

Why does having a uterus septus result in poor reproductive outcomes?
Can it be fixed and if so how?

Answer 24

Septus does not have good vascular supply to support pregnancy

Yes, it can be corrected by having the septum removed through surgery

Question 25

Cam surgery be done on bicornutes to fix there shape

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Septate uterus

Answer 26

Serosal surface has normal contour
Has indentation greater than 1cm from fundus to endometrium
Septum is the entire endometrial canal
Most common anomaly associated with reproductive failure- 67%

Question 27

T shaped uterus

Answer 27

Specific uterine anomaly cause by exposer to DES while an embryo
Have less uterian volume, resulting in preterm deliveries
Not viable on ultrasound only by hysterosalpingograms

Question 28

DES

Answer 28

Diethylstibestrol
Drug given to stop spontaneous abortion
Discontinued in 1971 after it caused cell carcinoma of the vagina, also associated with breast cancer
Now used to treat patients with seizures

Question 29

Thalidomide

Answer 29

Drug used in the 50-60’s to lessen morning sickness
Caused limb abnormalities
Being used to combat symptoms of AIDS and Leprosy