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Obstetrics & Gynecolgy 1 > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are pelvic ultrasounds done

A 
Pelvic pain
Dysfunctional bleeding
IUCD placement
Mass felt on bumanual pelvic exam
? Pregnancy
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2
Q

What is the prep for a transabdominal ultrasound

A

4 x 250ml of water 1 hr prior to exam

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3
Q

What does a full bladder do to the uterus

A

Pushes uterus from anteflexed position into a perpendicular plane
Allows for better visualization

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4
Q

What does a full bladder do to intestines

A

Displaced them

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5
Q

What does a full bladder do for a pelvic ultrasound

A

great window for pelvic anatomy
Landmark
Indicates mobility of pelvic pathology
Allows for comparison for cystic lesions

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6
Q

What is the most ideal full bladder contour for a pelvic ultrasound

A

Covering just the top of the uterus fundus

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7
Q

What does gravidity mean

A

Have been pregnant, including if they are currently pregnant

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8
Q

LMP

A

Last menstral period

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9
Q

Parity

A

Have ever given live birth

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10
Q

Symptoms

A

Any pain

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11
Q

Previous pelvic surgery

A

Looking for any disease that remained

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12
Q

What are the different kinds of abortions

A

Spontaneous

Therapeutic

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13
Q

What is a spontaneous abortion

A

Ex: miss carriage

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14
Q

what is a Therapeutic abortion

A

Ex: physician assisted

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15
Q

What does T term mean

A

Live births

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16
Q

What does nulliparous mean

A

Never been pregnant

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17
Q

What does parous mean

A

Currently pregnant

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18
Q

What does prima gravida mean

A

First time pregnant

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19
Q

where do you start scanning a pelvic ultrasound and why

A

Sagittal plane

Asses bladder fullness

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20
Q

What do you charge on the machine before you start scanning

A

HGen to HRes

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21
Q

How do you sweep while in the Sagittal plane

A

From midline to the side wall of pelvis in each direction

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22
Q

How do you sweep while in the transverse plane during a pelvic ultrasound and why

A

Vagina to umbilicus

Looking for a etopic pregnancy

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23
Q

What plane are ovaries best visualized

A

Transverse

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24
Q

Why do we scan contralateral when scanning ovaries

A

Because the best images occur when the bladder covers a ovary entirely

25
Q

What can help when scanning an obese patient for a pelvic ultrasound

A

Trendelenburg postion
Assistance from the patient
Endovaginal scan
Get patient to move panniculus out of way so you have access to the symphsis

26
Q

What is a panniculus

A

Fatty apron

27
Q

What are the advantages of EV scanning

A

Higher frequency
Better resolution
Empty bladder
Larger image

28
Q

What are the limitations of EV scanning

A

Pathology may be outside of the field of view

Must have an empty bladder (some patients can’t empty completely)

29
Q

What must you do when performing a EV scan

A

Over the probe with a condom or non latex transducer cover

Ask patient if they have a latex allergy

30
Q

Hat do you have to do a EV probe before it is inserted

A

Have the transducer firing

31
Q

When can you not use a EV

A 
Effaced or dilated cervix
Young girl
Virgin
Infection
Strophic anatomy
32
Q

What do you do when documenting fibroids

A

Document in 2 planes
Measure in 3 dimensions
Colour Doppler in 2 planes

33
Q

What do you do when documenting ovarian cysts

A

Must be over 2 cm
Document in 2 planes
Measure in 3 dimensions
Colour Doppler in two planes

34
Q

What do you do when documenting an IUCD

A

Document in two planes

35
Q

What do you do when documenting nabothian cysts

A 
Demonstrate in two planes
Do not need to measure 
Do not need to use colour Doppler
Annotate sag cervix 
Trans cervix
36
Q

What do you do when documenting free fluid

A

Image in two planes to demonstrate that free fluid was seen
Measure in all three planes
Annotate sag uterus and trans cervix
Do not annotate FF or free fluid

37
Q

What is the female pelvic routine

A

Sag: uterus, cervix, vagina, endometrial canal, right/left ovary
Trans: vagina, cervix, uterus at fundus, right/left ovary
Also document images of pathology and variants

38
Q

How do you finish a pelvic scan

A

Sag right kidney measured
Transverse right kidney: mid at renal pelvis
Sagittal left kidney measured
Transverse left kidney: mid at renal pelvis

39
Q

Should the emphasis be on evaluation of each organ and not just on taking pictures

A

Yes

40
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Painful or difficult intercourse

41
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of periods
Caused by pregnancy
Caused by menopause
Ovarian dysfunction

42
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful periods with cramps

43
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive bleeding during period

44
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Excessive bleeding during menses and throughout cycle

45
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

Pain at ovulation

46
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent or very light menstration
Intervals of > 35 days
Only having 4-9 periods a year

47
Q

Anechoic

A

An echo-free appearance on a sonographic image

48
Q

Echogenic

A

Produces echoes
A basis of comparison for:
*hyperechoic
*hypoechoic

49
Q

Hyperechoic

A

Describes echoes that are brighter than normal or brighter than adjacent structures

50
Q

Hypoechoic

A

Structures that are not as bright as normal or less bright than adjacent structures

51
Q

Isoechoic/isosonic

A

Structures with the same relative echodensity

52
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Refers to an uneven echo pattern or reflections of varying echo-densities

53
Q

Homogeneous

A

Refers to an even echo pattern of reflections that are relative and uniform in composition

54
Q

Cystic

A

Features all characteristics of a true cyst

55
Q

What are the characteristics of a true cysts

A
  1. Anechoic
  2. Through-transmission
  3. Smooth walls
  4. Round
56
Q

Quasi-cystic

A

Papers cystic but is missing the through-enchacement due to actual small reflector echoes

57
Q

Solid

A

Refers to a structure or medium that is echogenic- contains echoes
Often attenuates the sound and causes a posterior shadow

58
Q

Shadow

A

Refers to an area where no or little reflection is obtained. Structures in this area are obscured

59
Q

Enhancement

A

Refers to an area where there is little attenuation of sound
Good sound transmission
The area behind appears clearer and brighter because it is better visualized

Obstetrics & Gynecolgy 1 (8 decks)

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