Mod 4

Question 1

tissue destruction. A brain _________ is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue destruction of brain tissue

Answer 1

lesion (Lee-zhuhn)

Question 2

the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions.

Answer 2

Brain stem

Question 3

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.

Answer 3

(EEG) electroencphalogram

Question 4

the base of the brain stem, controls heart beat and breathing

Answer 4

medulla

Question 5

the brain’s sensory router, located on the top of the brain stem; it directs messages and to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Answer 5

thalamus

Question 6

scan a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.

Answer 6

PET (positron emission tomography)

Question 7

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. ______ scans show brain anatomy.

Answer 7

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Question 8

a technique for revealing bloodflow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. _________ scans show brain function.

Answer 8

fMRI (functional MRI)

Question 9

a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousal

Answer 9

reticular formation

Question 10

“little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory.

Answer 10

cerebellum

Question 11

neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.

Answer 11

limbic system

Question 12

two lima-beansized neural linked to emotion, clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion

Answer 12

amygdala. [uh-MIG-duh-la]

Question 13

a neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance acvities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

Answer 13

hypothatamus [hi-po-THAL-uh-muss]

Question 14

the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center.

Answer 14

Cerebral [seh-REE-bruhl] cortex

Question 15

portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments.

Answer 15

frontal lobes

Question 16

portion of the cerebral cortex lying top of the head and toward the rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position.

Answer 16

parietal lobes [puh-RYE-uh-tuhl]

Question 17

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields

Answer 17

occipital lobes [ahk-SIP-uh-tuhl]

Question 18

portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Answer 18

temporal lobes

Question 19

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.

Answer 19

motor cortex

Question 20

area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

Answer 20

Sensory cortex

Question 21

area of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

Answer 21

association areas

Question 22

The brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.

Answer 22

Plasticity

Question 23

the formation of new neurons.

Answer 23

neurogenesis

Question 24

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

Answer 24

Corpus callosum [KOR-pus kah-LOW-sum]

Question 25

A condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) connecting them.

Answer 25

split brain