Mod 3

Question 1

the scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes.

Answer 1

bioloagical psychology

Question 2

a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.

Answer 2

neuron

Question 3

a neuron’s bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Answer 3

dendrites

Question 4

the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to other muscles or glands

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

sheath a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next.

Answer 5

myelin [MY-uh-lin]

Question 6

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons, they may also play a role in learning and thinking

Answer 6

gilal cells

Question 7

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

Answer 7

threshold

Question 8

a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

Answer 8

action potential

Question 9

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron,

___________ travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.

Answer 9

Neurotransmitters

Question 10

the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synapse gap or synaptic cleft.

Answer 10

Synapse - SIN-aps

Question 11

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

Answer 11

Interneurons

Question 12

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Answer 12

Motor (efferent) neurons

Question 13

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 13

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 14

a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response.

Answer 14

reflex

Question 15

” the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

Answer 15

Endocrine system [EN-duh-krin]

Question 16

chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect Adrenal glands [ah-DREEN-el]other tissues.

Answer 16

Hormones

Question 17

a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress.

Answer 17

adrenal glands

Question 18

the endocrine systems most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the _______ regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Answer 18

pituitary glands

Question 19

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system.

Answer 19

somatic nervous system

Question 20

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

Answer 20

autonomic [aw-tuh-NAHM-ik] nervous system (ANS)

Question 21

the division of the autonomic nervous that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy stressful situations.

Answer 21

sympatnetic nervous system

Question 22

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its evergy

Answer 22

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 23

“morphine within”-natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.

Answer 23

endorphins[en-DOR-fins]

Question 24

nerve the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.

Answer 24

Nervous system

Question 25

the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 25

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 26

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Answer 26

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 27

bundled axons that form neural “cables” connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs.

Answer 27

nerves