MOD 2: Theories, Principles, and Approaches Flashcards
In canada ___% of adults have a disability = 1 in __people= ___ people overall
27%=1 in 4 people=8 million
globally, __% of the population is disabled= ______ adults, and ____ children(__%)
15%= 1 billion adults, 240 million children(10%)
What are the 3 assumptions of the medical model of disability?
- Disability is a deficiency caused by disease, trauma, or impairment
- Groups individuals based on their ‘disabling’ condition or symptoms and characteristics
- ‘Problem’ resides in the person ( prescribe programs and services to diagnose and “fix” person)
how does the medical model of disability impact disability prevalence?
- views disability as a physical or mental impairment that needs to be treated, cured, or managed
- prevalence measured by # of ppl diagnosed w certain conditions
- focuses on individual impairments and medical interventions needed, neglects social and env factors that contribute to disability–> limits prevention and intervention strategies
- can underestimate # of ppl w disability as it doesn’t count non medical issues like inaccessibility, social discrimination
- or overestimate as it labels some things a disbaility when the individuals dont think it is and dont feel impaired due to being included in their social environment
-uses strict criteria to define disability, which can exclude people whose impairments are less severe or not easily classified
What are the 2 assumptions of the Social model of disability?
- Disability is viewed as a “difference” by society
- Lack of opportunity and discriminating behaviors restrict participation (like lack of accessibility,ramps etc)
how does the SOCIAL model of disability impact disability prevalence?
- can decrease prevalence of disability by promoting inclusivity and accessibility for all
- focuses on removing social and env barriers rather than “fixing” person
- argues disability is not an inherent characteristic of an ind but rather the result of social barriers, attitudes, and environments that dont accomodate diverse needs
Disability prevalence can be influenced by degree of __________ and _________ in society
accessibility and inclusivity
According to the SOCIAL RELATIONAL MODEL of disability, what 2 domains interact to form the experience of disability?
- Impairment effects:
The physical or mental limitations caused by a medical condition. - Psychoemotional dimensions of wellbeing:
- Social, environmental, or attitudinal obstacles (like lack of access or discrimination) that limit a person’s ability to participate fully in society.
two types of challenges:
Barriers to doing: limits on what someone can do, often caused by social or environmental factors (like lack of support).
Barriers to being: attitudes or actions that treat people unfairly because of their disability (ableism).
- Impairment effects: functional barriers due to biological components of illness(mobility impairments)
- Psychoemotional dimensions of wellbeing: barriers to doing(structurally or socially imposed limits) and barriers to being(abelist actions)
- 2 ppl w same disability , one may not feel disabled due to env support and factors
- doing=mobility aids
- being=abelist actions
Put abilities based approach in social relational model bc it measures how well the personal is compatible with the environment, and individual abilities to do the task, social model doesnt factor in the environment, etc
draw the ICF model (on ipad, check)
International classification of functioning, disability, and health
ICF domain: Body functions and structures:
Body function: mental functions
Impairment: difficulty understanding directions in using exercise equipment and doing exercise routine
What is the exercise solution?
(MEMORIZE THE REST THRU THE CHARTS)
use short phrases to explain exercise routine
Reading: Use of the ICF in identifying factors that impact participation in physical activity/rehabilitation among people with disabilities (Rimmer 2006)
- What is the purpose of the ICF model?
- Identify and describe all of the components of the ICF model.
- How would you utilize the ICF model to support physical activity participation for persons identifying as having a specific impairment(s)?
- What is the purpose of the ICF model?
The purpose of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model is to provide a framework for identifying the factors that impact participation in community-based physical activity or rehabilitation programs for people with disabilities. The ICF model helps health professionals understand and address the interaction between a person’s health condition, level of functioning, and environmental and personal factors that may impede or enhance participation. This allows for the development of tailored physical activity or rehabilitation programs that better match the specific needs of individuals with disabilities(Use of the ICF in ident…). - Identify and describe all of the components of the ICF model.
The ICF model consists of the following components:
Body Functions and Structures/Impairments: Refers to the physiological and psychological functions of the body and any structural abnormalities or impairments that may limit an individual’s function. Examples include mental functions (e.g., intellectual functions, energy levels), sensory functions (e.g., hearing, vision), and functions of other systems (e.g., cardiovascular, respiratory).
Activities and Participation: Activities are the execution of tasks or actions by an individual, while participation refers to involvement in life situations. Activity limitations are difficulties in executing activities, and participation restrictions are problems encountered in life situations. Relevant activities include mobility, communication, learning, and self-care.
Environmental Factors: These are the physical, social, and attitudinal environments in which people live and interact. They include products and technology, the natural environment, social support and relationships, attitudes, and services, systems, and policies.
Personal Factors: Although the ICF does not specifically categorize personal factors, they include individual characteristics such as age, gender, lifestyle, education, motivation, interests, coping styles, and past experiences. These factors influence an individual’s ability to participate in physical activities or rehabilitation programs(Use of the ICF in ident…).
- How would you utilize the ICF model to support physical activity participation for persons identifying as having a specific impairment(s)?
To support physical activity participation for persons with specific impairments using the ICF model, one would:
Assess Body Functions and Structures: Identify any impairments or functional limitations that could impact participation in physical activities. For instance, if an individual has reduced mobility due to a spinal cord injury, exercise solutions such as using a hand cycle or pool-based exercises could be recommended.
Evaluate Activities and Participation Restrictions: Determine the specific activity limitations and participation restrictions the person may face. For example, if someone has difficulty understanding exercise instructions due to an intellectual disability, simple and clear instructions or visual aids might be used.
Identify Environmental Factors: Examine the environmental barriers and facilitators in the person’s surroundings, such as accessibility issues, social support, or available technology. If environmental barriers like inaccessible equipment or facilities are present, modifications like providing adaptive equipment or ensuring accessible transportation to exercise facilities may be necessary.
Consider Personal Factors: Understand the individual’s personal characteristics, preferences, and motivations, which may affect their engagement in physical activities. Tailoring the program to these personal factors, such as choosing activities that the individual enjoys or finding a suitable exercise companion, can enhance participation.
Reading: The ‘F-words’ in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think!
Rosenbaum & Gorter (2012)
- How are each of the five components of the F-words associated with the ICF model?
- How would you apply the F-words to a physical activity setting?
- How are each of the five components of the F-words associated with the ICF model?
The five F-words in childhood disability—Function, Family, Fitness, Fun, and Friends—are all grounded in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. Each component is associated with different aspects of the ICF framework:
- Function: This relates to what people do in their daily lives. It is connected to the ICF components of “Activity” (the execution of tasks or actions by an individual) and “Participation” (involvement in life situations). The focus on function encourages looking beyond biomedical impairments to consider how children perform tasks and participate in their environment.
- Family: In the ICF, family is considered part of the “Environmental Factors” that can influence a child’s functioning and participation. Family is the core context for a child’s development and well-being, emphasizing the importance of engaging parents and considering their perspectives and needs in service delivery.
- Fitness: This aligns with “Body Functions and Structures” within the ICF framework, focusing on the physical health of children with disabilities. It promotes a health-oriented perspective that goes beyond managing impairments to encourage overall fitness and well-being.
- Fun: “Fun” spans the ICF elements of “Personal Factors” (what a child enjoys doing) and “Participation” (involvement in meaningful life situations). It emphasizes the importance of engaging in enjoyable activities that are meaningful to the child, which can enhance participation and improve quality of life.
- Friends: Like “Fun,” “Friends” is associated with “Personal Factors” and “Participation.” Social development and relationships are critical for a child’s overall development, influencing their ability to participate in different contexts. The focus on friendships highlights the importance of social inclusion and support.
- How would you apply the F-words to a physical activity setting?
To apply the F-words in a physical activity setting, consider the following:
- Function: Focus on activities that help children improve their ability to perform daily tasks. For example, design exercises that enhance mobility, strength, and endurance, allowing children to participate more fully in school, play, and home activities.
- Family: Engage the family in the planning and implementation of the physical activity program. Ensure that activities are accessible to the child and align with the family’s preferences and routines. Educate parents on the importance of regular physical activity and encourage them to participate alongside their child when possible.
- Fitness: Develop a program that promotes cardiovascular health, muscular strength, flexibility, and overall fitness. Include a variety of activities to cater to different interests and abilities, such as adapted sports, swimming, or dance classes. Monitor fitness levels regularly and adjust activities to suit the child’s evolving needs.
- Fun: Ensure that physical activities are enjoyable and tailored to the interests of each child. Incorporate games, play, and social interactions to make the experience positive and motivating. Activities should be varied, creative, and focused on what the child finds fun and engaging.
- Friends: Promote social interaction and the development of friendships through group activities and team sports. Encourage activities that foster cooperation, communication, and social skills. Create a welcoming environment where children feel supported and included, regardless of their abilities.
By integrating the F-words into a physical activity setting, you can create a holistic and supportive environment that addresses both the physical and psychosocial needs of children with disabilities, fostering their development, participation, and overall well-being.
