MOD 1: Intro to adapted PA

Question 1

Define disability

Answer 1

• physical or cognitive impairments that interfere with individual’s active/non active living opportunities
• complex, multifaceted concept that includes both intrinsic features of health(physiology and functioning) and environmental features(physical, human built, social environment with attitudes)

Question 2

What is person-first language vs identify first language? what are the goals of each? and criticism for person first

Answer 2

Person first language: (persons with disabilities),
Goal: people are individuals before their disability
Criticism: makes disability seem like a personal problem or something negative

Disability First Language: (autistic person, Deaf person) focuses on disability as part of identity
Goal: embrace disability as impt part of who person is

• Autistic Person
• Deaf person

Question 3

Reading: The evolution of disability language andrews and powell, 2022

1. What is their main argument in terms of disability language?
2. What are the challenges of defining/describing disability?
3. How should society describe disability?

Answer 3

1. Argument: disability language is constantly evolving, a ‘one-size fits all” approach is not suitable due to diverse preferences of disabled ppl
   - both ‘person first’ and ‘identity first’ have their place according to the context and audience
   - avoid euphenisms like ‘special needs’ and ‘differently abled’ as they are patronizing and infantilizing
2. Challenges:
   - all disabled ppl have different language preferences(identify vs person first)
   - shifts in language preferences: ‘cripple’ and ‘handicap’ were used in non stigmatizing ways to describe disabled ppl but are now offensive
3. How society should describe disability:
   - use both ‘person first ‘and ‘identify first’ depending on context and individual preference
   - embrace using word ‘disability’
   - ex. using ‘Deaf person’(Identity first) asserts cultural identity
   (capital D= uses sign language, lowercase d= uses hearing aids)

Question 4

Reading:Defining Adapted Physical Activity(Hultzer and Sherril, 2007)

1. Define APA (adapted physical activity)
2. Social constructivism and APA
3. Cross cultural differences of APA

Answer 4

1. APA:
   - a cross disciplinary body of knowledge directed toward the identification and solution of individual differences in PA (PE,sports, rec, dance, rehab)
   - any type of activity or human movement thats manipulated to meet the needs of specific ppl(disability)
   - promote active lifestyles for ppl w diverse abilities
2. social constructivism(the view that learning occurs through social interaction and the help of others, often in a group) and APA:
   - meanings and defs of APA are created and trannsformed over time thru social interactions, cultural contexts, and professioanl discourses
   - ex. shaped by historical contexts: medically oriented exercise programs post WW2 shifted to more inclusive recreation and competitive sports for those w disabilities
3. cross cultural differences of APA:
   - interpretation differs across cultures due to language, educational backgrounds, and societal views on disability
   - North America: create inclusive opportunities for PA(set of attitudes and behaviours that leads to the participation of ppl w disability in sports and PA)
   - Japan: ‘adapted sports science’,focus on sports for disabled ppl and elderly
   - Brazil: “adaptation of motor activities”

Question 5

Disability vs Impairment

Answer 5

Disability: difficulty doing everyday tasks, need assistance

Impairment: loss of normal physical or mental abilities at tissue level due to disease, illness, injury