Mod 2 - Safety & Compliance Flashcards
list regulatory bodies
- OSHA
- Joint Commission
- College of American Pathologists
- Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute
- CDC
define BLOOD BORNE PATHOGEN STANDARD
OSHA mandated set of requirements concerning protection against pathogenic microorganisms transmitted via blood causing human disease
what does the blood borne pathogen standard require
- implementation of work practice & engineering controls to prevent exposure incidents
- exposure control plan
- plan of action after exposure
- use of PPE
define STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
basic level of infection-control practices health care workers must perform before, during, and after pt encounter
after accidental to bodily fluids, you administer first aid. after, you and the pt must get blood testing done to determine if any of you have which diseases?
HIV, Hep B, & Hep C
what information needs to be included in sharps injury log?
- date & time of incident
- type of sharps
- parties involved
- location
- detailed description of how injury occurred
describe the Joint Commission
independent, non-government, and nonprofit organization accredits & certifies health care organizations
describe the National Patient Safety Goals (NSPGs) Program
- sets requirements for issues including accurate ID, communication of test results, and training of professionals to increase pt safety
- requires 2 factor ID of pts
What do CLSI guidelines cover that is pertinent to phlebotomists?
- venipuncture
- dermal puncture
- Phelbotomist’s safety
- equipment
What is the proper order of draw?
- yellow top/blood culture
- light blue
- serum tubes w/or without activator and w/or without gel
- heparin w/or without gel plasma separator
- purple
- grey
what are yellow-top tubes
sodium polyanethol sulfate (SPS)
what are the light blue top tubes
sodium citrate (coagulation)
what are red-speckled top tubes
serum tubes
what are green top tubes
heparin
what are purple/lavender top tubes
EDTA
what are grey top tubes
sodium fluoride or potassium oxalate
after getting a needlestick injury, what should you immediately do
wash area with soap & water
t/f: only implied consent is required
false; verbal and implied consent are required
what is considered the limit number of attempts
2
if a hematoma appears at venipuncture site during blood draw, what should you do
stop venipuncture
if pt shows any difficulties during venipuncture, what should you do
stop venipuncture
define QUALITY ASSURANCE
laboratory standards the CDC established to help maintain highest level of test accuracy possible
differentiate between quality control and quality assurance
- quality control: reliability
- quality assurance: accuracy
what is usually the problem when the centrifuge is making unusual noises/vibrating more than it should
balancing
what can happen if a centrifuge is not balanced
tube breakage & improper centrifuging of specimens
what should be checked if the centrifuge is making unusual noises/vibrating and it’s not a balance issue
calibration
how should tubes be placed in centrifuge
put tubes of same size & volume in centrifuge directly across from one another or in balanced pattern
what does the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard identify as sharps
any item that can easily break skin and therefore potentially transmit disease
sharps container must have what
- leak & puncture resistant
- durable for transport
- appropriate size & shape
- secure closure
- upright & accessible
- fill level & clear biohazard symbol
- easy to operate
when are droplet precautions required
pts who have infections that spread via droplets that are larger than 5 microns in diameter
what diseases have droplet precautions
rubella, meningitis, influenza, pertussis, diphtheria, mumps
when are contact precautions required
pts who have infections that spread via direct/indirect contact
what diseases have contact precautions
diphtheria, herpes simplex, scabies, hep A, respiratory syncytial virus, wound & skin infections, exposure to MRSA/VRE/C diff.
what ppe should be worn when going into a pt room that has contact precautions
gown and gloves
when are airborne precautions required
pts who have infections that spread via droplets smaller than 5 microns in diameter
what diseases require airborne precautions
varicella (chicken pox), TB, rubeola (measles)
how is airborne transmission different from droplet transmission
airborne spans larger distance & longer virility
what kind of room does a pt with airborne precautions need to be in
negative-pressure room
list standard precautions regarding gloves
- wash hands before donning & after removing
- wear when handling body fluids
- replace them between each pt encounter
- replace when performing different procedures for same pt
- use only nitrile/vinyl gloves
- well fitting
- check for holes/rips
rubella, meningitis, diphtheria, mumps, pertussis, and influenza require
droplet precautions
class A fires involve
flammable solids (wood, paper, and cloth)
class B fires involve
flammable liquids (paints, oils, and gasoline)
class C fires involve
electrical appliances
class D fires involve
metals
testing a pt for streptococcal pharyngitis requires
droplet precautions
a glucose reading of 250 mg/dL but normal after a second reading may be explained bc the during the first test
too much blood was used
what is the minimum PPE when preparing to aliquot a blood specimen
gloves and face shield
A CPT COLLECTS A SPECIMEN IN A MICROCOLLECTION CONTAINER AFTER 2 FAILED VENIPUNCTURES. WHY SHOULD THE CPT WRITE ON THE MED REQUISITION FORM THAT BLOOD WAS COLLECTED THIS WAY
to alert the lab of presence of capillary blood
what info should a cpt put in the online sharps injury log if they accidentally get a needle stick
department where injury occurred
pts with diphtheria, herpes simplex, scabies, hep A, RSV, wound & skin infections, MRSA, VRE, and C. diff require
contact precautions
contact precautions include
gowns and gloves
PPE should be removed
before leaving the room
droplet precautions include wearing a
mask
pts with varicella, TB, rubeola (measles) require
airborne precautions
airborne precautions include wearing a
N95 or N99
when wearing PPE to draw blood from a pt who is immunocompromised, when should the PPE be doffed
after leaving
what is the minimum PPE for aliquoting specimens
face shield and gloves
household bleach is also called
sodium hypochlorite
how long should the 1:10 solution sit on the spill
20 mi
entries on a sharps injury log require the following info
- date event happened
- type of equipment involved and brand name
- where exposure took place
- brief description of how exposure occurred
what does OSHA require on accidental exposure log
- how exposure happens
- by what means it occurred
- type of equipment involved
- safety measures on equipment
- type of PPE CPT was wearing
- where incident occurred
- type of procedure CPT was performing
- situation surrounding exposure
