Mod 1 - Fundamentals Flashcards
what valve is in between the left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid/mitral valve
what valve is in between the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
what is the “natural pacemaker”
SA node
give the order of cardiac conduction
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Purkinje fibers
what does SA node & AV node stand for
sinoatrial; atrioventricular
where is the SA node
back wall of right atrium
how many impulses does the SA trigger/min
60-100
where is the AV node
junction of atria & ventricles on right side
where is the bundle of His
between right & left ventricles
give the steps of cardiac contraction
- SA node sends signal
- AV node receives & atrium contract
- Bundle of His receive and impulse branches left & right
- Purkinje fibers receive & ventricles contract
what does blood carry
- nourishment
- vitamins
- electrolytes
- hormones
- antibodies
- warmth
- oxygen
- waste
- proteins
how much blood do adults have
4-6 L
how much of blood is plasma
55-60%
what makes up plasma (give % too)
92% water & 8% other
what is in the 8% of plasma that is not water
- proteins
- glucose
- electrolytes
- fibrinogen
- other
how much of blood are blood cells
40-45%
what makes up blood cells in bloo
RBC, WBC, platelets
lifespan of RBC?
120 days
what antigen does AB blood have
A & B antigens
what antigens does O blood have
neither
what antibodies does AB blood have
none
what antibodies does O blood have
both
What does it mean if the are Rh positive
have antigen for Rh factor
Rh __ individuals can donate to Rh ___ recipients, not vice versa
negative; positive
who are universal recipients
AB blood type
define HEMOSTASIS
maintenance of blood regardless of circumstance
list & describe the 5 stages of coagulation
- vascular: vessel rapidly constricts
- platelet: Platelets plug leak
- coagulation: fibrinogen, clotting factors, & calcium form clot
- clot retraction: clot shrinks bringing edges closer for healing
- fibrinolysis breaks & clot dissolves
list the 4 communication styles
analytical, intuitive, functional, personal
describe the analytical communication style
prefer numbers, facts, & data w/little emphasis on emotions
describe the intuitive communication style
prefer to look @ big pics & can generate more questions when being too broad
describe the functional communication style
prefer organization w/timelines & detailed plans with step-by-step methodology; effective as long as pt is not overwhelmed
describe the personal communication style
use emotional language & connections & care about emotions; gen good @ active listening & conflict resolution
give examples of therapeutic communication
accepting, clarifying, exploring, focusing, silence, mirroring, offering self, give general leads/broad opening, give recognition, make observations
give examples of nontherapeutic communication
advising, agree/disagree, defend, disapprove/approve, generalizations, probing, reassuring, minimize feelings
give types/examples of defense mechanisms
apathy, compensation, displacement, dissociation, identification, avoidance, projection, rationalization, introjection, repression, sarcasm, substitution
give the steps of the chain of infection
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mod of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
define FOMITE
any nonliving object/substance capable of carrying infectious organisms
what are classic s/s of inflammation
erythema, edema, pain, heat, & redness
define a latent infection
infection w/periods of remission & relapse
give an example of a latent infection
herpes simplex
what is the difference between medical & surgical asepsis?
medical asepsis removes microorganisms after leaving body & surgical asepsis prevents microorganisms going into body
