Mod 1 - Fundamentals

Question 1

what valve is in between the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 1

bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 2

what valve is in between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Answer 2

tricuspid valve

Question 3

what is the “natural pacemaker”

Answer 3

SA node

Question 4

give the order of cardiac conduction

Answer 4

1. SA node
2. AV node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje fibers

Question 5

what does SA node & AV node stand for

Answer 5

sinoatrial; atrioventricular

Question 6

where is the SA node

Answer 6

back wall of right atrium

Question 7

how many impulses does the SA trigger/min

Answer 7

60-100

Question 8

where is the AV node

Answer 8

junction of atria & ventricles on right side

Question 9

where is the bundle of His

Answer 9

between right & left ventricles

Question 10

give the steps of cardiac contraction

Answer 10

1. SA node sends signal
2. AV node receives & atrium contract
3. Bundle of His receive and impulse branches left & right
4. Purkinje fibers receive & ventricles contract

Question 11

what does blood carry

Answer 11

• nourishment
• vitamins
• electrolytes
• hormones
• antibodies
• warmth
• oxygen
• waste
• proteins

Question 12

how much blood do adults have

Answer 12

4-6 L

Question 13

how much of blood is plasma

Answer 13

55-60%

Question 14

what makes up plasma (give % too)

Answer 14

92% water & 8% other

Question 15

what is in the 8% of plasma that is not water

Answer 15

• proteins
• glucose
• electrolytes
• fibrinogen
• other

Question 16

how much of blood are blood cells

Answer 16

40-45%

Question 17

what makes up blood cells in bloo

Answer 17

RBC, WBC, platelets

Question 18

lifespan of RBC?

Answer 18

120 days

Question 19

what antigen does AB blood have

Answer 19

A & B antigens

Question 20

what antigens does O blood have

Answer 20

neither

Question 21

what antibodies does AB blood have

Answer 21

none

Question 22

what antibodies does O blood have

Answer 22

both

Question 23

What does it mean if the are Rh positive

Answer 23

have antigen for Rh factor

Question 24

Rh __ individuals can donate to Rh ___ recipients, not vice versa

Answer 24

negative; positive

Question 25

who are universal recipients

Answer 25

AB blood type

Question 26

define HEMOSTASIS

Answer 26

maintenance of blood regardless of circumstance

Question 27

list & describe the 5 stages of coagulation

Answer 27

1. vascular: vessel rapidly constricts 2. platelet: Platelets plug leak 3. coagulation: fibrinogen, clotting factors, & calcium form clot 4. clot retraction: clot shrinks bringing edges closer for healing 5. fibrinolysis breaks & clot dissolves

Question 28

list the 4 communication styles

Answer 28

analytical, intuitive, functional, personal

Question 29

describe the analytical communication style

Answer 29

prefer numbers, facts, & data w/little emphasis on emotions

Question 30

describe the intuitive communication style

Answer 30

prefer to look @ big pics & can generate more questions when being too broad

Question 31

describe the functional communication style

Answer 31

prefer organization w/timelines & detailed plans with step-by-step methodology; effective as long as pt is not overwhelmed

Question 32

describe the personal communication style

Answer 32

use emotional language & connections & care about emotions; gen good @ active listening & conflict resolution

Question 33

give examples of therapeutic communication

Answer 33

accepting, clarifying, exploring, focusing, silence, mirroring, offering self, give general leads/broad opening, give recognition, make observations

Question 34

give examples of nontherapeutic communication

Answer 34

advising, agree/disagree, defend, disapprove/approve, generalizations, probing, reassuring, minimize feelings

Question 35

give types/examples of defense mechanisms

Answer 35

apathy, compensation, displacement, dissociation, identification, avoidance, projection, rationalization, introjection, repression, sarcasm, substitution

Question 36

give the steps of the chain of infection

Answer 36

1. infectious agent 2. reservoir 3. portal of exit 4. mod of transmission 5. portal of entry 6. susceptible host

Question 37

define FOMITE

Answer 37

any nonliving object/substance capable of carrying infectious organisms

Question 38

what are classic s/s of inflammation

Answer 38

erythema, edema, pain, heat, & redness

Question 39

define a latent infection

Answer 39

infection w/periods of remission & relapse

Question 40

give an example of a latent infection

Answer 40

herpes simplex

Question 41

what is the difference between medical & surgical asepsis?

Answer 41

medical asepsis removes microorganisms after leaving body & surgical asepsis prevents microorganisms going into body