Mod 2 Mock Exam (version 2) Flashcards
Name 3 types of advanced airway and briefly explain each one
- Supraglottic airway (iGel) – Sit over laryngeal frame work and closes epiglottis
- Surgical Cricothyroidotomy – An incision made through cricothyroid membrane through which a cuffed tube is introduced to maintain a clear and protected airway
- Endotracheal Intubation – Introduction of cuffed tube through larynx into trachea to maintain a clear, protected airway
Define Intravenous cannulation
A device that is inserted into a peripheral vein to take a blood sample or administrations of fluids and/or drugs
Name the 2 types of IV fluids we use
- Crystalloid fluids – solutions of small molecules of water (e.g. sodium chloride, glucose, hartmann’s)
- Colloid fluids – blood products
What is the process to decompress some ones chest in case of a tension pneumothorax
Needle Thoracocentesis - Insertion of a wide bore cannula through the 2nd intercostal space in the mid clavicular line, above the third rib; to alleviate a life threatening tension pneumothorax
Name the 3 F Med forms and when they would be used
- F Med 5 – Routine
- F Med 143 – Prelims
- F Med 826 – Field medical card
Define last offices
Last offices is the care given to a deceased patient, which demonstrates our respect for the dead and is focussed on fulfilling religious and cultural beliefs as well as Health and Safety an legal requirements
Name 12 aspects of daily living
- Maintaining a safe environment
- Communication
- Breathing
- Eating and drinking
- Eliminating
- Personal cleansing
- Dressing (body temp control), mobilising
- Working and pay
- Express sexuality
- Sleeping
- Dying
Outline the 5 priorities of triage
Priority 1 (T1) - Immediate treatment (RED)
Priority 2 (T2) - Urgent treatment (YELLOW)
Priority 3 (T3) - Delayed treatment (GREEN)
Priority 4 (T4) - Expectant
Dead - Dead
Describe the three levels of command
- Gold (Strategic)
- Silver (Tactical)
- Bronze (Operational)
Name the four stages of digestion
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Elimination
Briefly describe the 4 stage of digestion
- Ingestion - Food is masticated (chewed), mixed with saliva, then pass to stomach
- Digestion - Food mixed with acid enzymes in stomach (chyme), passed to small intestine
*Absorption - chyme continues
through intestine, nutrients absorbed through small, water through large intestine
*Elimination (defecation) -elimination of waste
Define enzymes
A chemical substance which causes or accelerates a chemical change in another substance without being changed itself
Define peristalsis
A wave of contraction caused by contraction of longitudinal and circumferential involuntary (smooth) muscle in the wall of the digestive tract
How long is esophagus
25cm
Name 10 primary components of the digestive system and give one function for each one
- Mouth - Entry point for food, saliva released by salivary gland when we smell food, chewing (mastication) breaks food down, tongue helps to mix food with saliva, tongue and soft palate help move food to pharynx and esophagus
- Pharynx - The throat is transition point from mouth to esophagus, the epiglottis aims to prevent food going down the trachea (wrong path) and aims to ensure food goes down the esophagus to the stomach
- Esophagus - A muscular tube that contracts and relaxes (peristalsis) to move food towards the muscular valve (lower esophageal sphincter) which will relax to let food into the stomach. 25cm long
- Stomach - Glands lining the stomach release acid and enzymes that break down food further. The muscles in the stomach mix the food. Transforming food you eat into chyme (thick creamy fluid)
- Duodenum - First part of small intestine, further food breakdown
- Small Intestine - Two parts (jejunum & ileum), absorption of nutrients into bloodstream through intestine walls. Left over and waste is move to large intestine
- Large Intestine - Four parts (ascending, transverse, descending & sigmoid). Solidifies waste products (by absorbing water) forming a stool
- Rectum and Anus - Stool is stored in rectum, once there feedback sent to brain for need of bowl movement. Stoll then moved through anus and out of the body
- Liver - Production of bile for fat digestion and elimination, nutrients stored in liver, toxins and chemicals filtered by liver. Heat production, energy store, converts glucose to glycogen and vis versa. Metabolising alcohol
- Pancreas - Regulation of blood sugar, production of insulin, production of digestive enzymes (exocrine system)
- Peritoneum - Thin membrane lining abdominal and pelvic cavities
- Gallbladder - Bile stored and realised, when fatty food enters duodenum gallbladder contracts and realises bile
Define nasal gastric intubation
Passing of nasogastric tube via a passage down the oesophagus into the stomach
Name 2 contra-indications of nasal gastric intubation
- Patients who require long-term enteral tube feeding in whom it may be more appropriate to use a gastrostomy tube
- Severe mid-face trauma
- Recent Nasal surgery
Name 3 complications of nasal gastric intubation
- Incorrect placement
- Coiling of NG tube
- Inducing retching or vomiting
- damage to the nasal passages (epistaxis)
- Possible intra-cranial placement in the casualty with basal skull fracture
Name 3 functions of the kidneys
- Formation and secretion of urine
- Regulates water, electrolyte and acid balance
- Production and secretion of hormone that stimulates formation of red blood cells
- Excretion of waste products
What size is a kidney
11cmx6cmx3cm
Identify 4 common GU conditions
Urinary tract infection/cystitis
- Balanitis
- Testicular pain
- STD’s
Name 3 aspects of aftercare of a mother and baby (child birth)
- Checked by midwife ASAP
- Keep warm and dry
- Observe mother for bleeding
- Reassess observations
What is crowning in relation to child birth
Babies head begins to appear
Describe the 3 stages of labour
*First stage -
Dilation of the cervix, this can take 8 – 12 hrs
“A Show” a bloodstained mucus vaginal discharge (plug)
Regular contractions can start at 5 -15 mins intervals get more and more regular
Mother needs to be admitted when contractions are 10 min apart
Rupture of the membranes (waters breaking) sudden loss of watery fluid from the vagina towards the end of this stage.
*Second stage -
Patient full dilation 10 cm
Rupture of membranes, unless occurred earlier
Increase and strength in contractions 2-3 mins apart
Acute expulsion of baby through birth canal
Transit of baby through canal should last no more than two hours
Labour is normally quicker in subsequent births.
*Third stage -
Expulsion of placenta, may take 5 - 60 mins
Mother may feel the urge to bear down as placenta is delivered
A gush of blood can be expected. No more than 200-300ml.
