Mod. 2 Chain of infection Flashcards
The final link in the chain of infection involves a person who is vulnerable to the pathogen, such as those with weakened immune systems. What is this link called?
A) Susceptible host
B) Mode of transmission
C) Portal of exit
D) Reservoir
A) Susceptible host
A patient undergoing chemotherapy is most at risk for infection due to a compromised immune system. Which of the following is a cue for this patient?
A) Increased white blood cell count
B) Fever, chills, and unexplained fatigue
C) Bright pink skin tone
D) Regular blood pressure levels
B) Fever, chills, and unexplained fatigue
A patient with diabetes is at higher risk for infection because of poor circulation and impaired healing. Which of the following is a cue?
A) Rapid heart rate
B) Delayed wound healing
C) Decreased thirst
D) Higher-than-normal blood pressure
B) Delayed wound healing
A newborn or an older adult may be at risk for infection due to immature or weakened immune systems. Which of the following are common cues?
A) Increased mobility
B) Low-grade fever
C) Elevated white blood cell count
D) Abnormal breathing patterns
B) Low-grade fever
An outcome of a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) could be a longer hospital stay due to complications like pneumonia. What is this an example of?
A) Increased medical costs
B) Enhanced healing
C) Reduced risk of other infections
D) Improved quality of care
A) Increased medical costs
An outcome of an HAI is the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA, making it harder to treat infections. What does this result in?
A) Faster recovery
B) Increased treatment success
C) Increased healthcare costs and prolonged illness
D) Enhanced patient trust
C) Increased healthcare costs and prolonged illness
A nurse uses gloves and gowns while caring for a patient with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) to prevent the spread of infection. Which transmission-based precaution is being followed?
A) Airborne precaution
B) Contact precaution
C) Droplet precaution
D) Standard precaution
B) Contact precaution
A nurse wears a surgical mask while caring for a patient with influenza to prevent the spread of large respiratory droplets. Which transmission-based precaution is this?
A) Contact precaution
B) Droplet precaution
C) Airborne precaution
D) Standard precaution
B) Droplet precaution
A nurse uses a N95 respirator mask while caring for a patient with tuberculosis (TB) to prevent inhaling airborne particles. Which transmission-based precaution is this?
A) Droplet precaution
B) Airborne precaution
C) Contact precaution
D) Standard precaution
B) Airborne precaution
A nurse washes their hands and wears gloves when handling all body fluids from a patient, regardless of their diagnosis. Which precaution is being used?
A) Airborne precaution
B) Droplet precaution
C) Contact precaution
D) Standard precaution
D) Standard precaution
Which of the following is required for airborne precautions to prevent the transmission of pathogens like tuberculosis (TB)?
A) Surgical mask
B) N95 respirator mask
C) Gown and gloves
D) Standard mask
B) N95 respirator mask
For droplet precautions, a nurse should wear a surgical mask to protect against large respiratory droplets transmitted by coughing or sneezing. Which of the following pathogens require this precaution?
A) Tuberculosis
B) Influenza
C) Measles
D) Chickenpox
B) Influenza
What is the primary difference between airborne precautions and droplet precautions?
A) Airborne precautions require a respirator, while droplet precautions require a surgical mask.
B) Airborne precautions protect against large droplets, and droplet precautions protect against small particles.
C) Droplet precautions involve gloves, while airborne precautions don’t.
D) Airborne precautions only apply to viral infections.
A) Airborne precautions require a respirator, while droplet precautions require a surgical mask.
The first step in the chain of infection is the infectious agent. Which of the following is an example of an infectious agent?
A) Bacteria
B) Skin
C) Respiratory droplets
D) Broken skin
A) Bacteria
The reservoir is where the pathogen lives and multiplies. Which of the following is an example of a reservoir?
A) A healthcare worker’s hands
B) A patient’s respiratory system
C) A surgical mask
D) Gloves
B) A patient’s respiratory system
The portal of exit is the route the pathogen takes to leave the body. Which of the following is a common portal of exit?
A) Urine
B) Respiratory droplets
C) Broken skin
D) All of the above
A) Urine
B) Respiratory droplets
C) Broken skin
D) All of the above
What is the mode of transmission for influenza?
A) Direct contact
B) Indirect contact
C) Droplet transmission
D) Airborne transmission
C) Droplet transmission
The portal of entry is where the pathogen enters the host. Which of the following is an example of a portal of entry?
A) Skin abrasion
B) Inhalation of respiratory droplets
C) Mucous membranes
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
A susceptible host is anyone who is vulnerable to an infection due to weakened defenses. Which of the following factors increase a person’s susceptibility to infection?
A) Weakened immune system
B) Chronic disease
C) Age (newborn or elderly)
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections acquired during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions. Which of the following is an example of an HAI?
A) A surgical wound infection
B) A common cold acquired at home
C) A dental infection from brushing teeth
D) None of the above
A) A surgical wound infection
Which group of patients is at greater risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
A) Healthy young adults
B) Patients with weakened immune systems
C) Patients receiving outpatient care
D) Patients with normal blood pressure
B) Patients with weakened immune systems
Which of the following is a common site for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
A) Surgical wounds
B) Urinary tract
C) Respiratory tract (e.g., pneumonia)
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Which of the following pathogens is commonly associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?
A) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
B) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
C) Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is a potential outcome for a patient who develops a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
A) Shorter hospital stay
B) Enhanced recovery
C) Longer hospital stay and increased healthcare costs
D) No significant impact
C) Longer hospital stay and increased healthcare costs
