MOD 11 Flashcards
Compounds that possess a HYDROXYL GROUP (-OH) and are characterized by names ending in “ol”
ALCOHOLS
_________ are about as acidic as water
SIMPLE ALCOHOLS
_____ make an alcohol a weaker acid
ALKYL GROUPS
SOLUBILITY of alcohols
solubility increases as chain length increases
the CHAIN LENGTH of alcohols is up to
8 carbons
carbon attached to the functional group
ALPHA CARBON
________ gives primary alcohols
ALDEHYDES
_______ gives secondary alcohols
KETONES
_________ of a carbonyl compound in general gives an alcohol
REDUCTION
Primary and Secondary alcohols react with
SOCl2 - thionyl chloride
PBr3 - phosphorus tribromide
1&2 alcohol + SOCl2 = ?
ALKYL CHLORIDES
1&2 alcohol + PBr3 = ?
ALKYL BROMIDES
Tertiary alcohols react with
HCl
HBr
Dehydration of alcohols to yield _______
ALKENES
Dehydration of alcohols to yield alkenes.
ELIMINATION
Oxidation of Alcohols:
OXIDIZING AGENTS (in aqueous ACIDIC soln)
CHROMic Acid (H2Cr2O4)
CHROMium TRIoxide (CrO3)
SODium DICHROmate (Na2Cr2O7)
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
oxidation of PRIMARY ALCOHOL reagent
PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE (PCC)
oxidation of SECONDARY ALCOHOL reagent
DESS-MARTIN PERIODINANE (DMP)
Alcohols react with carboxylic acids to give ESTERS, in the PRESENCE OF ACID CATALYST.
FISCHER ESTERIFICATION
alcohols + carboxylic acids
FISCHER ESTERIFICATION
alcohols + carboxylic acids = ?
ESTERS
Base-hydrolysis reaction of ESTER
SAPONIFICATION
ESTER + NaOH → Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
SAPONIFICATION
- an antibiotic isolated from the STREPTOMYCES VENEZUELAE bacterium
- potent against TYPHOID FEVER
CHLORAMPHENICOL
isolated from ROSES & GERANIUMS. used in PERFUMES
GERANIOL
plays a vital role in the BIOSYNTHESIS of many STEROIDS
CHOLESTEROL
