MOD 1 Flashcards
Many chemists believed that a “vital force”, a mysterious, presumed property of living things was needed for the formation of organic compounds.
VITAL FORCE THEORY
Vital force theory is abolished by
FRIEDRICH WOHLER
the chemistry of HYDROCARBONS and their derivatives
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
The SMALLEST PARTICLE of an element that maintains its chemical identity
ATOM
It ESTIMATES the POSITION OF ELECTRONS and quantifies energy levels (a.k.a. shells).
SCHRODINGER WAVE EQUATION
Region of space where electron is MOST LIKELY FOUND.
ATOMIC ORBITALS
SHAPE OF ORBITALS
s
p
d
f
s - spherical
p - dumbbell
d - clover leaf
f- complex
have a LINE drawn between two atoms indicating a 2-electron covalent bond.
KEKULE (LINE BOND)
form as a result of electron TRANSFER
IONIC BONDS
form due to SHARING of electrons.
COVALENT BONDS
ability of an atom to ATTRACT the SHARED ELECTRONS in a covalent bond
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
TYPE OF BOND:
less than 0.5
NON-POLAR COVALENT
TYPE OF BOND:
0.5 - 1.9
POLAR COVALENT
TYPE OF BOND:
more than 1.9
IONIC
The charge on an atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion
FORMAL CHARGE
SHAPE:
single bond
TETRAHEDRAL
SHAPE:
double bond
TRIGONAL PLANAR
SHAPE:
triple bond
LINEAR
BOND ANGLE:
single bond
109.5
BOND ANGLE:
double bond
120
BOND ANGLE:
triple bond
180
Electrons are centered
between nuclei
sigma bond
Electrons in the occupy regions ABOVE & BELOW the axis joining the nuclei.
pi bond
Orbital Hybridization & Type of Bonds to Carbon:
single bond
sp3
one sigma bond
Orbital Hybridization & Type of Bonds to Carbon:
double bond
sp2
1 sigma,1 pi
Orbital Hybridization & Type of Bonds to Carbon:
triple bond
sp
1 sigma, 2 pi
