MOD 1 Motor Coordination and Hypokinesia Impairments Flashcards
What is a motor coordination deficit as a movement system diagnosis?
inability to coordinate an intersegmental task because of a deficit in timing and sequencing of one segment in relationship to another segment
What are the common presentations of a motor coordination deficit in the lower extremities?
postural control difficulty and balance difficulty
What are the common presentations of a motor coordination deficit in the upper extremities?
difficulty in manipulation and grasp/release
Can motor performance increase with practice and instruction in a patient with a motor coordination deficit?
yes
What brain structure is typically involved in a motor coordination deficit?
cerebellum
What are the 3 subsets of coordination?
- timing
- scaling
- dysmetria
What are the 5 main roles of the cerebellum?
- control axial muscles with equilibrium management
- control the execution of movement
- modulate muscle tone
- involved in preparation of movement and eval of sensory info for motor learning
- learning the timing and rhythm of movement
What are the characteristics of cerebellar dysfunction?
- ataxic gait with wide BOS
- nystagmus (twitching) of the eyes
- incoordination/apraxia
- intention tremor
How do issues with the cerebellum cause problems with timing a movement?
- can’t initiate
- slowed execution time
- problems terminating a movement
- cerebellum’s job is in learning to correct motor errors
What is dysmetria?
inability to accurately move an intended distance
What is hypometria?
underestimation of the required force or range of movement
What is hypermetria?
overestimation of the required force or range of movement
What is the common test to assess dysmetria?
finger to finger of the therapist’s test
What is ataxia?
incoordination of voluntary movement patterns with poor accuracy, targeting and grading of movement as the target is approached
What is an ataxic gait?
- broad BOS
- upright and arms in high guard
- uneven step length
- slow initiation
- rapid movement of extremity
- irregular pattern
What is dysdiadokinesia?
difficulty performing rapidly alternating movements
How is dysdiadokinesia tested?
pronation and supination test
How is coordination testing graded?
5 - normal
4 - minimal impairment
3 - moderate impairment
2 - severe impairment
1 - cannot perform
What are the tests in an objective exam for a motor coordination deficit?
- coordination tests
- observation of functional mobility (movement tasks)
What is a hypokinesia deficit?
primary movement system problem related ti slowness in initiating and executing movement
may be associated with stoppage of ongoing movement
may manifest as tremor
What are the tests in an objective exam for hypokinesia?
- balance assessment
- timed tests for functional mobility
- timed up and go
