MOD 1 Cognitive and Speech Impairments Flashcards
What is a cognitive deficit?
primary deficit in movement is impaired motor control related to lack of cognitive arousal, attention, or ability to apply meaning to a situation that is appropriate for their age
What is attention?
ability too focus on a specific stimulus without being distracted
How does attention affect function?
inability to follow direction
What is orientation?
knowledge related to person, place, and time
What is memory?
registration encoding, storage, recall, and retrieval of info
How will memory affect function?
appears disoriented; will forget names, schedules, etc; decreased ability to learn
What is problem solving?
the ability to manipulate a fund of knowledge and apply this info to new or unfamiliar situations
How does problem solving affect function?
difficulty with ADL, socially inappropriate behaviors, inability to recognize threats to safety
What is included in orientation?
- names
- places
- date
- situation
What are the 5 types of attention?
- focused
- sustained
- selective
- alternating
- divided
What is focused attention?
the ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli
What is sustained attention?
ability to maintain a consistent behavioral response during continuous and repetitive activity
What is selective attention?
ability to maintain a behavior cognitive set in the face of distracting or competing stimuli “freedom of from distractibility”
What is alternating attention?
ability of mental flexibility that allows individuals to shift their focus of attention and move between tasks having different cognitive requirements
What is divided attention?
ability to respond simultaneously to multiple tasks or demands
What are strategies to modify treatment to accommodate a cognitive impairment?
- reduce confusion
- improve motivation
- encourage consistency of performance
- reduce confusion
- improve attention
- improve problem solving
- encourage declarative as well as procedural learning
- seek a moderate level of arousal to optimize learning
- provide increased levels of supervision
- recognize that progress may be slow
What type of injury causes deficits in speech?
injury to cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, peripheral nervous system
What type of injury causes deficits in language?
cerebral injury
What is dysarthria?
when muscles you use for speech are weak of you have difficulty controlling
What does dysphagia include?
- difficulty swallowing
- difficulty managing saliva
- difficulty with oral manipulation of food
What is aphasia?
impairment of language associated with damage to the language dominant cerebral hemisphere (left hemisphere)
What area of the brain causes aphasia when damaged?
left-front-temporal or temporo-parietal regions
What is global aphasia?
affects both expressive and receptive language
What is expressive/broca’s aphasia?
damage to Broca’s area, cannot produce speech, talks choppy but coherent
What is receptive/wernicke’s aphasia?
damage to wernicke’s area, cannot understand aphasia and talks fluent but incoherent
