MOCKS Flashcards
State why the statement may not be valid.
data from one area
no information about people considered
Describe how the mAbs and a fluorescent dye could be used to see any pathogens on the slide.
bind fluorescent dye to mAbs
put bound fluorescent mAbs on the slide
mAbs will bind to pathogens and show up under the microscope
Describe how the mAbs and a fluorescent dye could be used to see any pathogens on the slide.
bind fluorescent dye to mAbs
put bound fluorescent mAbs on the slide
mAbs will bind to pathogens and show up under the microscope
Explain how phagocytosis will help the patient.
more pathogens engulfed
so less cell damage
Uses of mAbs
treat cancer
locate hormones
pregnancy tests
Pregnancy test
urine passes through reaction zone
HCG hormone binds to the mobile HCG antibody (in the reaction zone)
(passes up the stick) HCG hormone binds to the immobilised HCG antibodies in the results zone
(the other) antibodies which do not attach to HCG
bind to antibodies in control zone
blue dye appears in both control and results zones (to show positive result)
Food tests
starch —> iodine —> orange to blue-black
glucose —> benedict’s solution —> heat in a water bath —> blue to brick-red
protein —> add biurets reagent —> shake —> blue to purple
lipids —> add xcm3 of ethanol —> add equal volume of distilled water —> milky-white emulsion forms if present
Why do companies grow bacteria at a higher temperature?
bacteria grow faster
placebo
used as control
How does the removal of sugar from the plant’s stem cause stunted growth?
less sugar for respiration
so less energy released
or
fewer amino acids made
so less proteins produced
or
less cellulose made
so weaker cell walls
Plant defences
cell wall & waxy cuticle - tough / difficult to penetrate
dead cells - fall off, taking pathogens with them
cloning in plants
stem cells from meristem
tissue culture
identify plant diseases
compare to garden manual
send sample to laboratory
Explain why a man’s breathing rate increased whilst he was running.
To increase oxygen intake
to use for respiration (for energy release)
effect of smoking
lung cancer
Give one measurement that could be taken to show a different effect of
exercise on the body
heart rate/pulse
volume of breathe
volume of sweat
body temperature
uses of energy released from respiration
muscle contraction
active transport
keeping warm
building larger molecules
Pond weed experiment
place a lamp down at 0cm on the measuring stick
then place a boiling tube with sodium hydrogen carbonate at 10cm
then place pondweed into a boiling tube with the end cut
leave for 5 minutes to acclimatise
start a stopwatch for 1 minute then count the number of bubbles produced (this is oxygen)
record this amount and repeat to calculate a mean
then repeat this whole experiment at 20cm, 30cm, 40cm etc
Problems
not all bubbles the same size
number of bubbles can be too fast to count accurately
solution
place funnel and measuring cylinder to count bubbles
How does the death of the snail cause co2 concentration to increase
snail being decayed
by decomposers
therefore respiration of decomposers releases CO2
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
to increase blood flowing to muscles
so oxygen
to provide more oxygen (to muscles)
to provide more glucose (to muscles)
to remove carbon dioxide and lactic acid more quickly
Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?
more oxygen to lungs
more oxygen to blood
Why is there more oxygen to muscles during exercise?
needed for (increased) respiration
○ to release / provide energy
○ for muscle contraction
Why does anaerobic respiration occur during exercise?
due to lack of oxygen
which causes a build-up of lactic acid
causes muscle fatigue and pain
