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Alevel Chemistry > Mock revision > Flashcards

Mock revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the meaning of aliphatic

A

an organic compound which carbon atoms form open chains single, double and triple bonds

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2
Q

What is alicyclic

A

both aliphatic and cyclic( go round and carbon atoms join)

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3
Q

what is aromatic?

A

a unsaturated ring of one or more atoms

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4
Q

2 bonding pairs

A

linear(180d)

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5
Q

3 bonding pairs

A

trigonal planr(180d)

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6
Q

2 bonding pair one lone pair

A

bent or non linear (117.5)

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7
Q

4 bond pairs

A

tetrahedral (109.5)

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8
Q

3 bond pairs 1 lone pair

A

trigonal pyramidal( 107)

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9
Q

2 bonding pairs to lone pairs

A

bent (104.5)

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10
Q

5 bonding pairs

A

trigonal bipyramidal(120, 90)

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11
Q

6 bonding pairs

A

octahedral 90d

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12
Q

pv=nrt

A

pressure=pa
v=m3
n=moles
r=8.134
t=k = c+273

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13
Q

moles?

A

moles = mass(g)/mr

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14
Q

relative atomic mass

A

(isotopic mass * percentage abundance)/ 100

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15
Q

concentration?

A

concentration = moles(n)/ volume (dm3)

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16
Q

moles(gas)

A

moles = volume(dm3)/ 24

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17
Q

nitrate ion

A

No3-

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18
Q

carbonate ion

A

No3 -2

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19
Q

Sulfate ion

A

So4 2-

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20
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

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21
Q

ammonium

A

NH4+

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22
Q

Zinc ion

A

Zn2+

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23
Q

Silver ion

A

Ag+

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24
Q

ionisation energy down the group

A

decreases beacause there are larger atoms more shielding easier for electrons to be removed from the atom

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25
Q

ionisation energy across a period

A

Increases, the shielding stays the same but the atomic number(proton increase) more nuclear charge so electrons are pulled in more so smaller atomic radii

26
Q

What are the exceptions to increase in ionisation energy

A

groups 2-3 and 5-6

27
Q

Why are they the exception

A

group 2-3 are going into a new orbital(p orbital) higher energy than s orbital so easier to remove
group 5-6 because when adding an electron to in group 6 the orbital is now paired so there is repulsion between the two electrons

28
Q

What type of atoms form covalent bonds

A

non metals

29
Q

what type of atomic form ionic bonds

A

metals and non metals

30
Q

what is the trend of ionisation in group 2

A

going down the group ionisation energy decreases ( easier to remove electrons)

31
Q

Group 2 reacting with dilute acid

A

forms salt and hydrogen
M + HCL -> MCL + H2

32
Q

Oxides of group 2 with water

A

Makes metal hydroxides which is very soluble and makes the solution alkaline

33
Q

What are Group 2 elements used for

A

To neutralise acids
- in soil
- antacids in the stomach

34
Q

How does the boiling point act going down the group in halogens

A

boiling point increases going down the group because there are larger molecules, more electrons so more induced dipole dipole interactions

35
Q

Halogen reactivity down the group

A

less reactive down the group, larger atom more shielding less pull from the nucleus so harder to gain an electron

36
Q

How do halogens react with each other

A

A more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive one in its own solution

37
Q

What is the test for halide

A

Add dilute nitric acid then add silver nitrate positive test should show a precipitate forming

38
Q

What are the colours of the precipitates

A

Chlorine- white
bromine- cream
iodine- yellow

39
Q

How do the halides dissolve in ammonia solution

A

chlorine- dissolves in dilute ammonia
bromine dissolves in conc ammonia
iodine does not dissolve in conc ammonia

40
Q

What is disproportionation

A

when an atom undergoes oxidation and reduction at the same time

41
Q

How do halogens undergo disproportionations

A

with alkali solutions

42
Q

How to make bleach

A

NaOH + Cl2 -> NaClO + NaCl2 + H20

43
Q

Cl2 + water

A

Cl2+ H20 -> HCL + HClO

44
Q

Chloric acid

A

HClO+ H20 -> ClO- + H3O++

45
Q

Test for carbonates

A

Add a dilute acid , if carbonate present then Co2 will be released(bubbly)
Co3- + H+ -> Co2 + H20

46
Q

Whats the test for Co2

A

Bubble the gas through lime water positive if it goes cloudy

47
Q

What’s the test for sulphates

A

add dilute hcl then barium chloride solution if there is a white ppt then it it is barium sulphate
Ba + So4 -> BaSo4

48
Q

Ammonia gas test

A

damp red litmus paper turns blue

49
Q

Ammonium ion test

A

Add sodium hydroxide and warm mixture should turn red litmus paper blue as it is just ammonia
NH4+ OH -> NH3 + H2O

50
Q

What should be the order for ion tests

A

add dilute acid to all
test for carbonate then sulphates then halide

51
Q

alkene + hydrogen

A

makes alkane
150degrees and an nickel catalyst

52
Q

alkene and halogens

A

dihaloalkanes

53
Q

How to test for double bonds

A

add bromine water should go from orange to colourless

54
Q

Alkene + steam

A

Makes alcohol
600d 60-70 atm and acid catalyst(phosphoric acid)

55
Q

Alkene + hydrogen halide

A

Haloalkanes

56
Q

primary oxidation of alcohols

A

distil aldehyde reflux carboxylic acid

57
Q

secondary oxidation of alcohols

A

aldehyde

58
Q

tertiary oxidation of alcohols

A

NA(burned instead)

59
Q

heterolytic fission

A

both electrons go to one atom

60
Q
A

Alevel Chemistry (6 decks)

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