mock revision 1-5

Question 1

vertebrates

Answer 1

mamals, birds, fish, anphibians, reptiles

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

either free in cytoplasm or attached, follow DNA instructions, and make proteins by bonding amino acids

Question 3

Monocots:

Answer 3

one cotyledon, parallel veins in leaves, scattered vascular bundles, soft fibrous roots (shallow, not one main one) and leaves in multiples of 3

Question 4

Dicots

Answer 4

2 cotyledons, network of veins in leaves, circle of vascular bundles (can be seen as rings in tree trunks), hard tap roots (goes deep, main root of the plant) and leaves in multiples of 4 and 5.

Question 5

Leave shapes

Answer 5

: serrate (goes up in angles), dentate (points go away from centre), double dentate (a teeth in each of the teeth), entire (all smooth)

Question 6

Actual size=

Answer 6

image size/ magnification

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

contains 70% water and has sugar and salt

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

helps cell stay ridged, store substances and break down waste

Question 10

Fungi kingdom

Answer 10

absorb food (saprotrophs, has nucleus,
cell wall
multi cell or uni cell
repuroduce with spores

Question 11

Protoctista kingdom-

Answer 11

have nucleus, single/multicellular, are heterotrophs, autotrophs and saprotrophs

Question 12

Prokaryotes

Answer 12

no nucleus, single/multicellular, bacteria (has cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA)

Question 13

Binomial system:

Answer 13

first part is genus, 2nd part is species (Homo sapiens) capital than lowercase, in handwriting underline

Question 14

Palisade mesophyll cells

Answer 14

has chloroplast in leaves, box shape to absorb lots of light

Question 15

ciliated epithelial cell;

Answer 15

moves mucus in trachea and bronchi, and zygote in fallopian tubes

Question 16

Red blood cell:

Answer 16

large surface area, has haemoglobins (has o2), concave shape

Question 17

osmosis

Answer 17

movement of water across a cell membrane, can move in and out (wilting plants)

Question 18

stages for plants wilting

Answer 18

Turgid plant cells; stiff, hydrates. Flaccid: not stiff. Plasmolysis cells: vacuole shrinks, cytoplasm pulls away from cell wall

Question 19

Water potential:

Answer 19

how freely water can move, the more things dissolved in it the less water potential since it has bonded with water particles

Question 20

active transport

Answer 20

against the concentration gradient, requires energy from respiration, Carier proteins in cell membrane pick up substances and pass them through

Question 21

Carbohydrates

Answer 21

carbon, hydrogen and o2, glucose, usually ones we eat have 2 simple sugars joined together. Cellulose, starch and glycogen are made of many glucose, energy

Question 22

Fats and oils (lipids

Answer 22

c h o. Fats (tend to be from animals) are solid at room temperature, but very similar to oil (tend to be from plants). Structure is a glycerol connected to three fatty acids (which determine if it is solid of liquid, or healthy or unhealthy). builds back cell membranes, gives energy, protective layer for organs. Saturated acids are not as healthy as unsaturated ones

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

o2, c, h and nitrogen, and a little amount of sulphur and selenium. Proteins are large molecules made up of smaller amino acids

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

2 strands in double helix shape, has a sugar phosphate backbone (making the coil) and nitrogen containing bases (the AT and CG)

Question 25

enzymes change shape when

Answer 25

temperature, ph, causes active site and enzyme shape not to fit

Question 26

Enzymes often end in ……, sugars usually end in ……

Answer 26

ase
ose

Question 27

.